Read and translate the text. The railways did more than anything to increase economic activity and to make it more national and less local in character

The railways did more than anything to increase economic activity and to make it more national and less local in character. The great rush of railway building had done much to boost the economy.

The development of the railways was a result of economic growth. It absorbed much of the capital investment of the period. It generated demand from different industries, and enabled goods to be transported more easily, more cheaply and on a larger distance.

One of the obvious beneficiaries of the railway revolution was the coal industry. Much industry in the nineteenth century was based on coal for heat and power.

Towns provided enormous concentrations of population, and expanded rapidly in the nineteenth century.

Railways allowed the movement of raw materials and markets for industry and enabled the development of industrial concentrations.

The railways increased the demand for key raw materials such as iron and steel and enabled them to be easily distributed around the country.

Railways enabled the gradual development of a national market: goods were produced and then distributed by rail around the country.

2. Find English equivalents to the following word combinations:

a) to increase economic activity

b) to make it more national and less local in character

c) a result of economic grow th

d) railway building had done much to boost the economy.

e) goods to be transported more easily, more cheaply and on a larger distance

f) railways allowed the movement of raw materials around the country

g) making up the backbone of a city's public transport

h) product of transport is the transportation of the goods

i) large quantities of bulk are transported by.

3. Answer the questions:

1. Did railway do more than anything to increase economic activity?

2. What is rail transport?

3. One of the obvious beneficiaries of the railway revolution was the coal industry,was not it?

4. Did the development of railway enabled the development of industrial concentrations?

5. What is the most important role of modern railway transport?

4.Complete the sentences:

1.The railways did more than anything to increa se …

2. The great rush of railway building had done …

3. The only product of transport is the transportation of the goods…

4. The railways increased the demand for key raw materials....

5. Railways enabled the gradual development of a national market…

The development of railway of Ukraine

The first railway in Ukraine became Przemysl - Lviv (1861) on the west and Odessa - Balta (1865) to the south. Already in 1868 built many railways.
Ukraine rail network is mainly formed by the end of XIX century. Most densely rail network in the southeast (Donbass), and the West.
The most important railways of Ukraine: Kyiv - Fast - Kozyatin - Zdolbuniv - Lviv, Kozyatin - Zherinka - Odessa, Kyiv - Konotop - Shostka, Kyiv - Poltava - Kharkiv - Debaltseve, fast - bold - Dnepropetrovsk, Krivoy Rog - Dnipropetrovsk - Donetsk, Kharkiv - Dnepropetrovsk - Kiev - Simferopol - Sevastopol, Lviv - Mukachevo - Chop and others. Major junctions with the developed station management are Kyiv, Lviv, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Fast, Debaltsevo, Tulchin, bold, and others.
The main goods are fertilizers, building materials, coal and ores, especially iron. Portance as a variety of metals and oil shipments.
These goods make up about a quarter of all journeys. The most strained freight lines are Krivoy Rog - Dnepropetrovsk - Debaltseve, Krivoy Rog - Fast - Lions and the line to the sea ports: Odessa, Berdyansk, Mariupol and others.
Major problem for Ukraine in its integration into the single European rail system is narrowing the width of the Ukrainian railway (1524 mm) to the European standard (1435 mm) as in neighboring Poland, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania. Now on the border with these states are complex systems of transfer of rolling stock trains from track to track, which significantly reduces the efficiency of railway transport, in particular in time.