Read and translate the text. Thus Russia was the world's first country were the uniform gauge was adopted for railways

Thus Russia was the world's first country were the uniform gauge was adopted for railways. In America, the gauge was unified only in 1886.

The place where the ends of the rails meet the track is known as the rail joint. The rail joint has always been the weakest part of the track for nearly all the rails wear out first at the ends.

Some railroads have two or more tracks. In order to make the trains pass from one track to another the railroads have a switch, which is a very important element of the track.

2.Answer the questions:

What is called a permanent way?

What is a gauge?

What was the kind of railroad in the early days?

What event have influenced the railroad building development?

Why is switch used

3.Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following words and expressions on the text::

to operate well;

to be a success;

to be far slower and lighter;

the fastest locomotive;

moth more comfortable than;

not so important as;

thanks to the new development;

the more powerful modern locomotives;

to introduce electricity as a tactile power;

the introduction of diesel traction;

a locomotive suitable for service;

gauge switch joint following: basic feature permanent way temporary tracks heavy blocks of granite heavy steam trains steel(iron)rails

4.Complete the sentences:

The track is …

Then the wooden rails were replaced …

The discovery how to make …

The distance...

The standard gauge in most countries is …

Thus Russia was the world's first country….

The rail joint has always been …

In order to make the trains pass from one track …