Exercise 1. Read the names

John Howard Benjamin Rush Alexander Maconochie

Zebulon Brockway John Augustus

Exercise 2. Read and translate the chains of words into Russian:

penal – to penalize – penologist – penalty; crime – criminal; to contribute – contribution; to reform – reformer – reformation – reformatory; prison – to imprison – imprisonment; to punish – punishment.

Exercise 3. Match the Russian and English equivalents:

to make a contribution (to) to devote one’s life (to) to draft the Penitentiary Act to pay much attention (to) to introduce an idea

предложить идею сделать вклад (в) уделять много внимания (чему-либо) посвятить свою жизнь чему-либо издать Закон о тюрьмах

Exercise 4. Make up word combinations. Translate them into Russian:

reform conditions punishment idea concept problems

of prison system of criminals of imprisonment of probation of education and training for trades

Exercise 5. Fill in the gaps if it is necessary. Translate the sentences.

1. John Howard is the most famous … penal reformers.

2. He devoted his life … the problems … improving bad conditions … prisons.

3. The book «The State of Prisons» influenced … the penal reform of … Europe.

4. Benjamin Rush paid much attention … the punishment … criminals.

5. John Howard made a great contribution … the penal reform … Europe.

6. Thanks... John Augustus the concept... probation was born.