Exercise 5. Read and translate the text. Physiology of the respiratory system

PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

The respiratory system is responsible for supplying our body with oxygen. It does this by enriching blood with oxygen every time we take a breath. It also removes carbon dioxide, which is a waste gas harmful for our bodies.

We breathe oxygen through the mouth or nose, which warm up the gas and moisten it before it enters the rest of the body. The oxygen then travels through the larynx (voice box) and down the trachea (windpipe) into two bronchi, which are branch-like tissues that enter the lungs. Cilia, which are very fine hairs, grow in the larynx, trachea and bronchi. These hairs are coated with mucus that captures any germs and pollutants that are in the air we breathe before it enters the lungs. This foreign matter is then expelled from the body through swallowing, coughing or sneezing.

Once oxygen enters the lungs, it's sent to the rest of the body's organs and tissues through a network of blood vessels. These blood vessels also capture carbon dioxide emitted by the tissues as a metabolic waste.

Blood is delivered around the body through a network of arteries, veins and blood vessels. The pulmonary artery delivers oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. It sends blood containing carbon dioxide to the alveoli, which expel the gas through exhalation. The alveoli replace the carbon dioxide with oxygen through inhalation. This oxygen-rich blood then travels to the heart, which pumps it to the rest of the body. The 2 major respiratory gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide, are transported through the body in the blood. Blood plasma has the ability to transport some dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide, but most of the gases transported in the blood are bonded to transport molecules. Hemoglobin is an important transport molecule found in red blood cells that carries almost 99% of the oxygen in the blood.

When one breathes normally not all the alveoli and capillaries of the lungs are opened. When respiration becomes deep, the number of the opened alveoli and capillaries increases. The flow of blood into the lungs increases when one breathes in and it decreases when one breathes out.

Exercise 6. Translate the word-combinations in bold type into English:

1. The дихальна system is відповідає за supplying our body with oxygen.

2. We вдихаємо oxygen through the mouth or nose, which розігрівають the gas and зволожують it before it потрапляє до решти організму.

3. Жмутики вкриті слиззю, яка заполює мікроби та забруднюючі речовини that are in the air we breathe.

4. Коли кисень потрапляє до легень, it's sent to the rest of the body's organs and tissues через мережу кровоносних судин.

5. Blood plasma має здатність транспортувати розчинений кисень and carbon dioxide, but most of the gases transported in the blood приєднані до транспортних молекул.

6. Гемоглобін це важлива транспортна молекула, яка знаходиться в червоних клітинах крові that carries almost 99% of the oxygen in the blood.

7. Потік крові до легень збільшується when one breathes in and зменшується when one breathes out.