Power system automation

Early electrical substations required manual switching or adjustment of equipment, and manual collection of data for load, energy consumption, and abnormal events. As the complexity of distribution networks grew, it became economically necessary to automate supervision and control of substations from a centrally attended point, to allow overall coordination in case of emergencies and to reduce operating costs. Early efforts to remote control substations used dedicated communication wires, often run alongside power circuits. Power-line carrier, microwave radio, fiber optic cables as well as dedicated wired remote control circuits have all been applied to Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) for substations. The development of the microprocessor made for an exponential increase in the number of points that could be economically controlled and monitored. Today, standardized communication protocols such as DNP3, IEC 61850 and Mod bus, to list a few, are used to allow multiple intelligent electronic devices to communicate with each other and supervisory control centers. Distributed automatic control at substations is one element of the so-called smart grid.

Заняття 56

Тема: Лінії електропередач: повітряні, кабельні

Граматичний матеріал: Анотаційний переклад

Вправа 1. Прочитайте та перекладіть слова за допомогою словника.

overhead power line [ˌəʊvəˈhed ˈpaʊə laɪn]

suspend [səˈspend]

tubular poles [ˈtjuːbjʊlə pəʊlz]

concrete [ˈkɒŋkriːt]

bare wire conductors [beə ˈwaɪə kənˈdʌktəz]

customer [ˈkʌstəmə]

urban [ˈɜːbən]

rural [ˈrʊərəl]

pylons [ˈpaɪlɒnz]

considerably [kənˈsɪdərəbli]

guy wires [ɡaɪ ˈwaɪəz]

counteract [ˌkaʊntəˈrækt]

grounded cable [ˈɡraʊndɪd ˈkeɪbl̩]

Вправа 2. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст українською.