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Basic terms in foreign trade
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Countries buy and sell various goods as well as various services. Goods bought from abroad, such as food, cars, machines, medicines, books and many others, are called visible imports. Goods sold abroad are called visible exports.
Services, such as insurance, freight, tourism, technical expertise and others, are called invisible imports and invisible exports. The total amount of money a country, makes including money from visible and invisible exports, for a certain period of time, usually for a year, is Gross National Product, or GNP.
The difference between a country’s total earnings or GNP, and its total expenditure is called its balance of payments.
The difference between what a country receives for its visible exports and what it pays for its visible imports is its balance of trade. If a country sells more goods than it buys, it will have a surplus. If a country buys more than it sells, it will have а deficit.
In the 19th century Britain dominated international trade, accounting for about one-third of world’s exports. Early in the 20th century its position changed. The volume of world's exports increased but the percentage of British exports in world trade declined significantly.
The United Kingdom's principal exports are vehicles, machinery, manufactured goods and textiles. Her main exports are food staffs and most of the raw materials for industry. Britain imports half the food it needs. The earnings from foreign tourism are one of Britain’s important industries.
1. Выберите правильный вариант слова в скобках:
- Goods sold to other countries are (visible, invisible) exports.
- Services sold to other countries are invisible (imports, exports).
- The difference between total earnings of a country and its total expenditure is called its balance of (payments, trade).
- The difference between a country’s GNP and its total expenditure is called its balance of (payments, trade).
- If a country sells more goods than it buys it will have a (deficit, surplus).
2. Закончите предложение в соответствии с текстом:
If a country buys more goods than it sells it will have a ….
Gross National Product is the total amount ….
Gross Domestic product is ….
Invisible exports and import are ….
A country’s trade balance is ….
3. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:
1. What is called visible exports?
2. What is called invisible exports?
3. How is balance of payments calculated?
4. What goods does Britain export?
5.What goods does the United Kingdom import?
4. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты слов и выражений профессионально-ориентированной лексики:
Различные товары и услуги, товары, купленные за рубежом, лекарства, экспорт товаров, невидимый импорт, общая сумма денег, валовой национальный продукт, общие расходы, платежный баланс, излишек, дефицит, объем мирового экспорта, сырье, промышленные товары, продовольственные товары.
Дата публикования: 2015-09-17; Прочитано: 2396 | Нарушение авторского права страницы | Мы поможем в написании вашей работы!
