Containerisation

The most revolutionary development in freight transportation since the invention of the semi-trailer and since the appearance of the internal combustion engine is containerisation. Containerisation is not only the fact of transporting

by various means a big box called a container. It constitutes a complete system, throughout various means of transportation by sea, railroad and soon by air. Containerisation completely changes habits and traditions, the design of vehicles and snips. the methods of handling and strong. operating procedure, safety and insurance standards. road transport regulations, and so on. What is a container? A container is essentially a box of standard dimensions: 8 feet (2,44 metres) wide, 8 feet (2,44 metres) or 8 feet 6 inches (2,59 metres) high and of four standard lengths to choice. In practice the usual models are 20 feet (6.1 metres) long with a maximum gross weight of 20 tons (20,320 kg) or 40 feet long (12.192 metres) with a maximum gross weight of)0 tons ()0,480 kg). A container is usually handled from the top lifted by four of its specially shaped corner fittings attached to the top of the container end frames at each corner. Thanks to Giant-Gantry Cranes it can be lowered into the vertical cells of container ship in 3 minutes.

For overland transport the container is lowered into a container-carrying road semi-trailer or into a container-carrying railcar. In both cases tie down devices fitted

to the semi-trailer or rail car are located i~ four corner fittings attached to the container end frames at the corner to secure the container to the vehicle.

Дати письмову відповідь на запитання

1.What was the most revolutionary development in freight transportation?

2.What is a container?

3.How is container usually handled?

4.How are the containers lowered into the vertical cells of container ships?

5.Where are the tie down devices located?