GRAMMAR. A participle is a verbal that is used as an adjective and most often ends in -ing or -ed

1.Study the following rules.

Participles

A participle is a verbal that is used as an adjective and most often ends in -ing or -ed. The term verbal indicates that a participle, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being. However, since they function as adjectives, participles modify nouns or pronouns. There are two types of participles in English: participle I (or present participle) and participle II (or past participle). The difference between them lies not in time distinctions, as it may seem judging by the traditional names applied to them, but rather in voice distinctions, participle I being an active form and participle II – a passive one.

Participle I is formed by adding the suffix -ing to the stem of the verb, and participle II – by adding the suffix -ed to the stem of the regular verbs, while the irregular verbs have special forms of participle II.

Forms of the Participles
	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Present Participle	asking	being asked
Past Participle		asked
Perfect Participle	having asked	having been asked

The present participles, both active and passive, are used to express an action or a state simultaneous with that expressed by the predicate of the sentence.

She leaned against the gate pretending to read the morning paper.

The perfect forms, both active and passive, express an action or a state which took place before the time expressed by the predicate of the sentence.

Having returned from a business trip, he suggested new methods of work.

The past participle has only one form which is passive in meaning. In most cases the action expressed by the past participle precedes that of the finite verb.

2.Read the following sentences. Define the forms of the participles. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

A. 1.I saw you dancing, and I'll never be the same again! 2.This novel explores the healing power of love. 3.I will always be here waiting for you! 4.Her mother was always there for her and for John, advising them when they asked, rooting for them, cheering them on. Meredith had always been mother and father for them both. 5.My days are spent taking books off shelves and putting them back on the shelves. 6.The clock told him it was almost twelve thirty. Throwing down the pencil, he stood up, stretching his long legs. 7.The balloons rose, slowly, big, red and round, hobbling and weaving toward the fluffy white clouds. 8.There was such a freezing cold

B. 1.Books written by W. Shakespeare are translated into many languages. 2.He didn’t notice the letter hidden among the newspapers. 3.When questioned about what he was thinking of, he gave no answer. 4.Founded on the basis of a small school the Moscow Conservatory has grown into a major educational establishment, named after P. Chaikovsky. 5.As followed by angry bees the boy ran towards the house. 6.You can see beautifully illustrated manuscripts in the British museum.

C. 1.Having colonized many African and Asian countries Great Britain became a powerful state. 2.Having lost the power Britain is still one of the most developed European countries. 3.Having won the political struggle the leader of the party became very popular. 4.Having come to power the monarch becomes the Commander-in-Chief. 5.Having received the majority in Parliament the Labour party became the leading party in Great Britain.

3.Put the verbs in brackets into the form of