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No country has an economic system that is 100 percent communism, socialism, or capitalism. All countries today have mixed economic systems or mixed economies, with some free enterprise and some government ownership. There is not one single definition for a mixed economy, but relevant aspects include: a degree of private economic freedom(including privately owned industry) intermingled with centralized economic planning(which may include intervention for environmentalism and social welfare, or state ownership of some of the means of production).
For some states, there is no consensus on whether they are capitalist, socialist, or mixed economies. Economies in states ranging from the United States to Cuba have been termed mixed economies.
If the government owns and operates almost all of the nation's means of production, then that nation's economic system is called communism. China has a communist economic system. Almost all of the means of production are publicly owned-that is, owned by the government. Government planners decide the answers to the basic economic questions. Farming on private plots of land is sometimes allowed. In recent years, the Chinese government has been allowing more and more private businesses to operate.
If the government owns and operates many of the nation's major industries-such as banks, airlines, railroads, and power plants-but allows individuals to own other businesses, including stores, farms, and factories, that nation's economic system is called socialism.
Sweden is an example of a country whose economic system is often described as socialist. Most of its major industries, such as coal mining, electric power, gas, telephone, and railroads, are owned by the government. Under Sweden's national health insurance system, the people receive free medical services all their lives.
If almost all the stores, factories, and farms in a nation are owned and operated by private individuals or businesses, then its system is called free enterprise, or capitalism. The U.S. has a free enterprise, or capitalist, economic system.
Language notes:
we are tempted to say – ми схиляємось до ствердження того, що…
a long process of trial and error– довгий процес випробування та помилок
the pure market of laissez-faire system has never existed – чистий ринок системи невтручання уряду ніколи не існував
how the talents and skills are to be used – як слід використовувати таланти та навички
a degree of private economic freedom intermingled with centralized economic planning – ступінь особистої економічної свободи змішана з централізованим економічним плануванням
Дата публикования: 2014-10-25; Прочитано: 553 | Нарушение авторского права страницы | Мы поможем в написании вашей работы!