Unit 3. Cross-cultural communication problems

Прочитайте формы сказуемого. Формы, стоящие в пассивном залоге, выпишите в таблицу. Образуйте недостающие формы глаголов. Сформулируйте правило образования пассивного залога.

Understand, are causing, is being thought, has withdrawn, have been misinterpreted, have made, are used, were used, had been confirmed, were being mixed, didn’t overlook, will be discussed, will have been repaid, shall be offended, was created.

	PRESENT	PAST	FUTURE
SIMPLE
PROGRESSIVE
PERFECT

Переведите усеченные конструкции, обращая внимание на обстоятельства времени, которые являются сигналами к употреблению глагола в той или иной временной форме. Составьте с ними полные предложения.

1. … (often, usually, always, sometimes, seldom) the elements of languageare socially situated,the problems are discussed, cross-cultural communication is regulated, words are misinterpreted, metaphors are used, people are offended;

2. … now (at the moment of speech) the problem is being discussed, you know what is being thought and said, the car is being driven on the left side of the road;

2. … already, by now (by the moment of speech) a cultural conflict has been arisen,thenorms of behaviour of people have been changed, he has been offended, the dispute has been resolved;

3. … last …, … ago, in 1997 (date) traditionswere created long ago, last time he was listened attentively; the holiday was celebrated two day ago, Alexander Graham Bell was born on March 3, 1847.

Прочитайте советы, как лучше осуществлять коммуникацию на английском языке. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в форму действительного или страдательного залога. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Many cross-cultural communication misunder­standings (to cause) by the use of negative questions and answers. For example, the re­sponse to "Are you not coming?" may be 'yes', meaning 'Yes, I am not coming.'

2. Cross-cultural communication (to enhance) through taking turns to talk, making a point and then listening to the response.

3. If you are unsure whether something (to understand), write it down and check. This can be useful when using large figures. For exam­ple, a billion in the USA is 1,000,000,000,000 while in the UK it is 1,000,000,000.

4. When communicating across cultures never assume the other party (to understand). Be an active listener. Summarise what (to say) in order to verify it. This is a very effective way of ensuring accurate cross cultural communica­tion (to take place).

5. Even the most well educated foreigner (not to have) a complete knowledge of slang, idioms and sayings. The danger (to be) that the words (to understand) but the meaning (to miss).