Text VI. Oxygen Delivery

Blenders. Mixtures of oxygen and air may be delivered to an infant by means of endotracheal tubes, nasal prongs, or tubes, masks, funnels and hoods. In general, an oxygen blender should be used with these techniques. Usually, 100% oxygen is administered via nasal cannulae or incubator flooding and the liter flow is adjusted to achieve the desired concentration of oxygen.

1. Delivered by endotracheal tube, nasal prongs or tubes, masks, funnels and hoods.

a) In general, use an oxygen blender and set FiO2.

b) Warmed, humidified oxygen should be used.

c) The gas flow used may be dependent on the operation requirements of the mixing device, or blender.

2. Delivered by nasal cannulae or incubator flooding.

a) In general, 100% O2 is used and the liter flow is adjusted to achieve desired FiO2.

b) Humidified oxygen should be used.

Gas flow. Warmed, humidified gas should be used whenever possible.

1. Head hood: A liter flow 3 times the volume of the head hood, or about 6 to 8 L/min, is usually adequate to prevent rebreathing of exhaled carbon dioxide. Higher flows may be necessary to assure stable oxygen concentrations.

2. Intubated patients: Gas flows 1 to 2 times greater than the estimated minute ventilation are adequate in continuous flow systems with a reservoir to provide for the peak inspiratory flow demand. Higher flows may be necessary to achieve the desired level of CPAP.

29. Read text VII and give the abstract of it. Translate the last three passages into Russian: