Domestic animals

Domestic animals are kept for the production of human food. Besides, the skin, down and feathers of poultry, the wool of sheep, goats and camels are used as raw materials to produce leather, clothing, etc.

The most important group of domestic animals is formed by the cattle. Cattle can be roughly subdivided into draft cattle, dairy cattle, beef cattle and dual-purpose cattle. Draft cattle (oxen, as a rule) have almost everywhere been replaced by agricultural machinery. Dairy cattle (cows) provide dairy products (milk, butter, cream, cheese, etc). Beef cattle are the producer of beef. Dual-purpose cattle give us both milk and beef.

Important sources in producing human food are also sheep breeding, hog raising, rabbit-breeding, apiculture, and some other minor branches.

Sheep provides not only mutton and dairy products (cheese, for example); the wool and skin of sheep are valuable raw materials for producing clothes. There are accordingly two main types of sheep breeding: for wool and for mutton. There is also a medium breed: the wool-mutton breed.

The production cycle of hogs (swine) is much shorter than that of cattle or sheep. Hog breeding gives a vast range of foodstuffs: ham, bacon, lard, sausage, etc. The skin of pigs and their bristles are also used in manufacturing goods.

To poultry belong hens, geese, ducks, turkeys and some other fowls. Poultry provide meat (flesh), eggs, down and feathers.

Rabbits are bred for meat, and their fells find an application in producing clothing.

The bee is the only producer of honey and wax. Bee-keeping also plays an important role in agronomy and in medicine.

Notes on the text:

can be roughly subdivided – приблизно можна розділити;

dual-purpose cattle – м’ясомолочна велика рогата худоба;

have almost everywhere been replaced –майже повністю витіснено;

manufacturing goods –виробництво товарів;

the only – єдиний.

Дайте відповіді на запитання.

1. What are domestic animals kept for?

2. What is used as raw materials to produce leather, clothing, etc.?

3. What animals form the most important group of domestic animals?

4. What dairy products are provided by dairy cattle?

5. What are the producers of beef?

6. What kind of cattle gives people both milk and beef?

7. What are the important sources in producing human food?

8. What animals provide people with mutton, dairy products and raw materials for producing clothes?

9. What are the main types of sheep breeding?

10. Where do people usually use the skin of pigs and their bristles?

11. What are provided by poultry?

12. What is the only producer of honey?

13. What insects play an important role in agronomy and in medicine?

Вправи

I. Підберіть до англійських слів їх українські еквіваленти.

1.cattle	1. молочний
2.raw	2. свійський
3.leather	3. велика рогата худоба
4.beef	4. корова
5.milk	5. молоко
6.domestic	6. утримувати
7.cow	7. сирий, необроблений
8.camel	8. шкіра (вичинена)
9.dairy	9. яловичина, м’ясо
10.keep	10. верблюд

II. Підберіть до українських слів їх англійські еквіваленти.

1. їжа, корм	1. skin
2. свійська птиця	2. feathers
3. людський	3. goat
4. вовна, шерсть	4. production
5. пух, пушок	5. sheep
6. вівця, вівці	6. food
7. коза, козел	7. down
8. виробництво	8. wool
9. пір’я	9. human
10. шкіра, шкура	10. poultry

III.Підберіть до англійських словосполучень їх українські еквіваленти.

1. foodstuff	бджільництво
2. producer of honey	сільськогосподарські машини
3. medium breed	виробничий цикл
4. domestic animals	важлива роль
5. important role	виробництво товарів
6. manufacturing goods	виробник меду
7. production cycle	свинарство
8. agricultural machinery	домашні тварини
9. beekeeping	продукти харчування
10. hog-breeding	середня порода

IV. Підберіть до українських словосполучень їх англійські еквіваленти.

1. молочна худоба	1. beef cattle
2. м’ясомолочна велика рогата худоба	2. dairy product
3. тяглова (робоча) худоба	3. raw materials
4. свинарство	4. sheep-breeding
5. другорядні галузі	5. rabbit-breeding
6. сировина	6. dual purpose cattle
7. молочні продукти	7. draft cattle
8. кролівництво	8. minor branches
9. м’ясна худоба	9. dairy cattle
10. вівчарство	10. hog-raising

V.Згрупуйте подані нижче слова за частинами мови.

Іменник	Прикметник	Дієслово
production	domestic	keep

Turkey, rough, belong, dairy, hog, dual, human, poultry, medium, fowl, domestic, provide, production, minor, duck, produce, wool, sheep, find, skin, down, feather, subdivide, replace, play, give, keep.

VI.Знайдіть спільне слово.

skin, down and feathers, raw materials, wool

milk, butter, dairy products, cream, cheese

ham, food stuffs, bacon, lard, sausage

hens, geese, poultry, ducks, turkeys.

VII. Згрупуйте слова у синонімічні пари.

1. skin	clothes
2. poultry	fowl
3. meat	swine
4. breeding	flesh
5. clothing	fell
6. hog	rearing

VIII.Заповніть пропуски у реченнях, використовуючи слова у дужках.

1.The wool-mutton breed is a ____________breed.

2. The production _____________ of hogs is shorter than that of cattle or sheep.

3.The bee is the only _______________ and wax.

4.Domestic animals are kept for the production of ________________.

5.The wool and _______________of sheep are valuable raw materials for producing clothes.

6.______________cattle are replaced by agricultural machinery.

7.Dairy cattle provide dairy ______________.

8.Beef ________________ are the producer of beef.

9. _______________ provide meat, eggs, down, and feathers.

10. Rabbits __________________for meat.

(products, poultry, cycle, cattle, are bred, draft, human food, skin, producer of honey, medium)

IX.Підберіть терміни до їх визначень.

1. Food	a)fully grown female of any animal of the ox family
2. Bee	b)animals which are kept for human needs
3. Domestic animals	c)small insect that produces wax and honey
4. Cheese	d)that which can be eaten by people or animals to keep them living and for growth
5. Cow	e)solid food made from milk curds

X.Складіть речення англійською мовою із такими виразами: