VIII. Спростуйте твердження або погодьтеся з ними

Зразок 1: А. Organs, which are related by function, are grouped into organ systems.

Do you agree with me?

B. Yes, you are quite right. Organs, which are related by function, are grouped into organ systems.

Зразок 2: A. Organs, which are related by function, are not grouped into organ systems.

Do you agree with me?

B. No, that’s wrong. Organs, which are related by function, are grouped into organ systems.

1. Twelve organ systems are commonly recognized in animals. 2. The digestive system is composed of such organs as the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas and liver. 3. In higher animals, the reproductive system permits the processes, which we term intelligence, i.e., thought, reasoning, and memory. 4. The thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands are examples of organs, which compose the endocrine system. 5. The skeletal system is composed of varying amounts of bone and cartilage, depending upon the group of animals.

6. The circulatory system is composed of the skin and the specialized structures, such as hair, scales, feathers, and nails. 7. The function of the digestive system is twofold: to supply all the cells within the body with the oxygen they need to carry on respiration; to remove the carbon dioxide and some of the water that is a waste product of respiration. 8. All these organs function together, primarily through the action of nervous enzymes, to break down food particles into molecules that are small enough to be absorbed into the blood stream. 9. Fish possess gills; insects have a series of tubules through which air flows. 10.The wide tissue within the cavities of short bones and ribs is the source of red blood cells and certain kinds of white blood cells.

IX. Перекладіть речення англійською мовою.

1. Органи та системи органів існують в усіх багатоклітинних формах. 2. Система травлення складається з таких органів, як шлунок, тонка кишка, товста кишка, підшлункова залоза та печінка. 3. Система кровообігу складається із серця, кров’яних судин, крові, лімфатичних судин та лімфи. 4. Система кровообігу переносить гормони і регулює температуру тіла, а також захищає тіло від хвороб. 5. Респіраторна система складається з легень, носової порожнини, глотки,трахеї, бронхіальних трубок. 6. У хребетних тварин скелет служить для захисту таких органів, як мозок, спинний мозок та ін. 7. Ендокринна система складається із залоз внутрішньої секреції, які виробляють хімічні регулятори, що називаються гормонами. 8. Гормони надзвичайно специфічні за своєю дією. 9. Первинними екскреторними органами є нирки, легені, шкіра та печінка. 10.Респіраторна система слугує для постачання клітин киснем, якого вони потребують.

X. Знайдіть спільне слово.

a) esophagus, stomach, small intestine, digestive system, large intestine, pancreas, liver.

b) heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, circulatory system, lymph.

c) lungs, respiratory system, nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchial tubes.

d) brain, nervous system, spinal cord, rib cage.

e) skin, hair, integumentary system, scales, feathers, nails.

XI. Згрупуйте слова у синонімічні пари.

little, to get, to conserve, to support, for instance, illness, to protect, to compose, to transport, small, disease, for example, to carry, to maintain, to consist, to receive.

XII. Відкрийте дужки і поставте дієслова у відповідній граматичній формі.

1. Organs and organ systems (to exist) in all multicellular forms. 2. The association of organs with each other (to carry out) particular functions. 3. All these organs (to function) together. 4. The circulatory system (to be composed) of the heart, the blood vessels, blood, the lymphatic vessels, and lymph. 5. The digestive system (to consist) of such organs as the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas and liver. 6. The excretory system (to provide) the body with a means of ridding itself of metabolic waste materials. 7. The primary excretory organs (to be) the kidneys, lungs, skin, and liver. 8. In some animals, other organs of respiration (to evolve). 9. The skeletal system (to provide) a supporting framework for the body. 10. In higher animals this system (to permit) the processes, which we term intelligence i.e., thought, reasoning, and memory. 11. The reproductive system (to have) as its sole function the perpetuation of the species through the production of new organisms.

XIII. Складіть речення, використовуючи подані словосполучення. Перекладіть українською мовою, звертаючи увагу на конструкцію “Complex object”.

A

1.Mary wants her mother	a)an individual organism to maintain in its environment and to reproduce
2.I don’t want my husband	b)not to trust this person
3.Functioning of all organ systems enables	c)to take you to the country by car
4.Do you want your friends	d)to go for a long time
5.They invited us	e)to buy a new dress
6.I advised Alex	f)to have dinner
7.I asked them	g)to come on time
8.Our rector allowed us	h)to help me
9.We expected him	i)to be happy
10.I wish you	j)to have a day off

B

1.This system makes materials	a)do?
2.What did you let them	b)see a doctor at once
3.She made me	c)transport from one part of the body to another
4.Let me	d)enter the building
5.I saw him	e)repaired in September
6.The guard didn’t let me	f)fly over the houses and drop the bombs
7.We will have our room	g)introduce myself
8.I saw Mr.Stevenson	h)speaking at the conference
9.We saw the plane	i)feel uncomfortable
10.Hot weather always makes me	j)dancing

XIV.Перекладіть речення англійською мовою.

1.Я хочу, щоб ви зробили це терміново. 2.Я не вірила, що він це зробить. 3.Адміністрація університету дозволила нам відпочити декілька днів на честь свята. 4.Я просила вас повідомити нам вашу точну адресу. 5.Я вважаю, що тварини розумніші, ніж ми думаємо про них. 6.Мені подобається, як він співає. 7.Давайте підемо по магазинах. 8.Я не дозволяю своїм студентам розмовляти рідною мовою на уроках англійської мови. 9.Я б хотіла, щоб ви підписали мені свою книгу. 10.Я б хотіла нагадати, щоб ви зателефонували нам завтра.

XV.Складіть речення з поданими дієсловами за зразком, вживаючи конструкцію “Complex Object”, та перекладіть їх

A. want, wish, desire, should (would) like, hate (дієслова, що виражають бажання).

Зразок: My friends want me to come on Sunday.

B. see, watch, observe, notice, hear, feel (що виражають сприйняття органами чуттів).

Зразок: I saw him cross the street.

C. consider, expect, think, believe, suppose, find, know, declare, (що виражають припущення).

Зразок: I consider him to be an honest man.

D .order, command, ask, allow (що виражають наказ, прохання, дозвіл).

Зразок: The dean ordered the textbooks to be returned to the library in time.

XVI. Перекажіть текст.

ORGAN SYSTEMS

Organs, which are related by function, are grouped into organ systems. The coordinated functioning of all organ systems enables an individual organism to live in its environment and to reproduce.

Ten such systems are commonly recognized in animals.

The digestive system is composed of such organs as the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas and liver.

The circulatory system is composed of the heart, the blood vessels, blood, the lymphatic vessels, and lymph.

The respiratory system is composed of the lungs and the related air passages (the nasal cavity, the pharynx, the trachea, and the bronchial tubes). In some animals other organs of respiration have evolved. For example, fish possess gills, insects have a series of tubules through which air flows, and a number of organisms, particularly the more primitive ones, carry on an oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange through the body surface.

The primary excretory organs are the kidneys, lungs, skin, and liver.

The skeletal system is composed of varying amounts of bone and cartilage.

The muscular system involves all of the muscle tissues within the body. The contraction of these tissues, whether voluntary or involuntary, is a response to a nerve impulse.

The nervous system is composed of the brain, the spinal cord, all the peripheral nerves, and the sensory parts of those organs concerned with receiving stimuli from the external or internal environment. It also integrates and coordinates the various body parts in accordance with the information received in the form of stimuli. In higher animals this system permits the processes, which we term intelligence, i.e., thought, reasoning, and memory.

The reproductive system has the function of the perpetuation of the species through the production of new organisms. The organs involved include the gonads (the testes and ovaries) with their various associated ducts and glands.

The endocrine system consists of the ductless glands, the glands that produce chemical regulators called hormones. The thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands are examples of organs, which compose this system.

The integumentary system is composed of the skin and the specialized structures, such as hair, sсales, feathers, and nails, which develop from it. The primary purpose of this system is protection.

UNIT 9