G O I T E R

Exercise 1. Practice the pronunciation:

Thyroid ['θairɔid], iodine ['aiəudi:n], mountainous ['mauntinəs], survey ['sə:vei], cretinism ['kretinizm], impairment [im'pεəmənt], dwarfism ['dwɔ:fizm], fortify ['fɔ:tifai], require [ri'kwaiə]

Exercise 2. Topic vocabulary:

Goiter - зоб

Lack (of) - недостаток

To require - требовать

Soil - почва

To affect - поражать

Community – группа лиц, живущих в одной местности, общество

Stillbirth – рождение мертвого плода

Miscarriage - выкидыш

Dwarfism - карликовость

Impairment - нарушение

To fortify – укреплять, усиливать

To result in – приводить к

Exercise 3. Give Russian equivalents:

Noncancerous enlargement, the most common cause, mountainous regions, iodine deficiency, mental impairment, brain damage, mental retardation, swollen salivary glands, a runny nose

Exercise 4. Form new words and translate them:

-Y: run, rain, sun, wind, fun, fog

-MENT: enlarge, impair, develop, achieve

Exercise 5. Recall formation of degree of comparison. Give English equivalents to the following words:

Беднее, самый распространенный, самый лучший, меньше, больше, реже, больше (в размере)

Exercise 6. Read and translate the text:

GOITER

A goiter is a noncancerous enlargement of the thyroid gland in the front of the neck. Many conditions can cause goiter, but the most common is a lack of sufficient iodine in the diet, which is usually a result of the soil in which food is grown being iodine-poor—a condition that occurs in many mountainous regions away from the sea. Iodine is required for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate the body's metabolism.

About 740 million people have goiters, but the percentage varies greatly by region (eastern Mediterranean: 32%; Africa: 20%: Europe: 15%; Southeast Asia: 12%; western Pacific: 8%; the Americas: 5%). Surveying communities for goiter is one of the best ways of detecting iodine deficiency, which, if not treated, can cause stillbirths, miscarriages, cretinism, mental impairments, deafness, and dwarfism.

Iodine deficiency is the most common preventable cause of brain damage and mental retardation, affecting about 50 million people worldwide. However, these disorders have been tremendously reduced simply by using table salt fortified with iodine.

Adults require at least 20 micrograms of iodine daily, but 150 micrograms is recommended. Seafood is excellent source, while the iodine content of other foods varies depending on animal feed and soil. Iodism (iodine poisoning) is a rare condition that results in weakness, swollen salivary glands, a metallic taste in the mouth, and a runny nose.

POST-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS

Exercise 7. Answer the questions:

What is goiter?

What is required for the production of thyroid hormones?

What is the most common cause of goiter?

Where is the highest percentage of goiter?

What can goiter cause?

How much iodine do adults require daily?

What is the excellent source of iodine?

Exercise 8. Continue the sentences:

The most common cause of goiter is ….

Thyroid hormones ….

Surveying communities for goiter is ….

If not treated goiter can cause ….

Iodine deficiency affects ….

Seafood is ….

Exercise 9. Translate into English:

Морские продукты – лучший источник йода.

Самый высокий процент зоба в районе восточного Средиземноморья.

Йод необходим для выработки гормонов щитовидной железой.

Самой распространенной причиной зоба является недостаток йода в питании.

Взрослому необходимо, по крайней мере, 20 микрограмм йода ежедневно.

Зоб – это раковое увеличение щитовидной железы впереди шеи.

Самый лучший способ выявления недостатка йода – это осмотр населения.

Exercise 10. Give English equivalents of the following word combinations:

Умственная отсталость, повреждение мозга, горные районы, плохая почва, увеличение щитовидной железы, столовая соль, отравление йодом, редкое состояние, металлический вкус во рту, опухшие слюнные железы.

Exercise 11. Find 7 words formed by conversion:

E.g. play– to play

Exercise 12. Open the brackets and use verbs in the correct tense and voice:

The number of goiter cases (to vary) greatly by region.

Iodine (to require) for the production of thyroid substances.

Thyroid hormones (to regulate) the body”s metabolism.

Iodine deficiency (to affect) about 50 milloion people worldwide.

Iodine deficiency (can, to cause) mental impairments, miscarriages, cretinism, etc.

The table salt (to fortify) with iodine.

A lack of sufficient iodine in the diet (to result from) the iodine-poor soil in which food is grown.

Exercise 13. make up questions to the underlined words:

Adults require 20 micrograms of iodine daily.

Iodism is a rare condition.

Iodism results in weakness, swollen salivary glands and a runny nose.

Iodine is required for the production of thyroid hormones.

Many conditions can cause goiter.

About 740 million people have goiter.

A lack of sufficient iodine in the diet occurs in many mountaneous regions.

Exercise 14. Explain the following terms in English:

hormone

thyroid

deafness

miscarriage

Exercise 15. DISEASES.Choose the correct answer

1. She died after a long ….

a) disease b) failing c)illness d) sickness......

2. The doctor had three... of nose-bleeding in the same day.

a) aspects b) cases c) examples d) illnesses

3. He still suffers from a rare tropical disease which he... while in the Congo, a) contracted b) gained c) infected d) received

4. My grandmother is very old and is not...very good health.

a.) from b)in c)on d)with

5.The teachers at the school went... with flu one after another.

a) down b) off c) out d) under

6.Malaria is... by the female mosquito.

a) broadcast b) sent c) transmitted d) transported

7.Mary is in bed with a... attack of flu.

a) hard b) heavy c) large d) severe

8.My brother was...ill yesterday and is now in hospital.

a) broken b) caught c) fallen d) taken

9.The school is half empty as a serious epidemic of measles has broken....

a) down b)in c)out d)up

10.Several...of malaria have been reported.

a) cases b) doses c) occurrences d) types

11. To our...Mary's illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.

a) anxiety b)eyes c) judgement d) relief

12. He... a rare disease when he was working in the hospital.

a) caught b) infected c) suffered d)took

13.My headaches are usually brought...by worry.

a) in b)on c) up d) out

14.The doctor examined him carefully and... influenza.

a) concluded b) decided c) diagnosed d) realised

15.Some diseases...quickly from one person to another.

a) catch b)getabout c)move d) spread

16. Tropical diseases are comparatively... in Poland

a) few b)rare c) scarce d) slight

TEST

1. A goiter is … of the thyroid gland.

a) mental impairment

b) inflammation

c) noncancerous enlargement

d) calcium deficiency

e) diminution

2. Iodism is a … condition.

a) frequent

b) rare

c) periodic

d) chronic

e) acute

3. The most common cause of goiter is …

a) overweight

b) lack of iron

c) lack of calcium

d) underweight

e) lack of iodine

4. Iodine is required for the production of …

a) erythrocytes

b) leucocytes

c) thyroid hormones

d) thrombocytes

e) proteins

5. Brain disorders have been tremendously reduced by noing … fortified with iodine.

a) iron

b) calcium

c) vitamin D

d) meat

e) table salt

6. Adults require at least … micrograms of iodine daily.

a) 5

b) 10

c) 15

d) 20

e) 30

7. Iodine deficiency affects mainly …

a) physical condition

b) mental sphere

c) movement

d) running

e) diet habits

8. … is excellent source of iodine.

a) wet soil

b) vegetables

c) fruit

d) seafood

e) vitamins

9. A lack of sufficient iodine in the diet is a result of …

a) wet soil

b) dry soil

c) uncultivated soil

d) iodine-poor soil

e) soil rich in fertilizers

10. Thyroid hormones regulate …

a) respiratory functions

b) body’s metabolism

c) reproduction

d) excretory function

e) mental activities