Mealtime Customs

In general, Ukrainians eat a light breakfast. It can be bread with butter served with coffee or tea, or pastries, such as a cream-filled blintz. Kasha (cereal), steamed buckwheat, barley, or millet with milk may also be served. Their main meal is eaten around mid-afternoon and usually consists of soup, such as borshch and a dish with meat or poultry. The third meal of the day takes place around 6 or 7 p.m. It is usually a time when all family members get together. Eating at a restaurant is considered a luxury, and is usually not done very often.

Ukrainians eat with a fork in their left hand and a knife in their right hand. It is considered impolite to hold your hands under the table during dinner, or to put your elbows on the table. In order not to seem wasteful, Ukrainians may eat everything on their plates. When they are visiting, Ukrainians may ask for second helpings to show appreciation for the food. Hosts often give guests a loaf of bread with salt on top, a tradition that dates back many centuries. Bread and salt were once considered necessary ingredients for health. The bread represents hospitality and the salt represents friendship.

Vocabulary:

breadbasket – житниця, “кошик для хліба”

sugar beet - цукровий бурякіpotato – картопля

grapes – виноград

cabbage – капуста

mushrooms – гриби

borshch – борщ

bean – біб

pea – горох

millet – просо

grain – зерно

chowder – юшкa

holubtsi – голубці

kartoplia solimkoі – картопля соломкою (смажена)

straw potatoes – смажена соломкою картопля

Kotlety Po-Kyivskomy – котлети по-київські

stuffed – начинений, фарширований

cuisine – [kwi´zi:n] кухня (кулінарна традиція)

dough – [dəu] тісто

kasha – каша

cereal – злак

dumplings – галушки

fritters – оладки

varenyky – вареники

staple – головний елемент, основа

sauerkraut – [sauəkraut]кисла капуста

blueberries, cherries – чорницi, вишні

grazing beef - яловичина, що вирощена на підніжному кормі

dairy cattle – молочна рогата худоба (молода)

kovbasa – ковбаса

sausage – ковбаса

poultry – домашня птиця

pork – свинина

smoked – копчений

syrnyky – сирники

cottage cheese – сир (творог)

nalynsnyk – налисник

crepes – крепи

riazhanka – ряжанка

fermented milk – брожене молоко

mealtime - час вживання їжі

buckwheat – гречка

barley – ячмінь

wasteful – марнотратний

Additional Vocabulary material

ale	пиво
almond	мигдаль
apple sauce	яблучне пюре
baked milk	топлене молоко
baked potatoes in their skins	картопля в лушпинні
baking soda	харчова сода, гідрокарбонат натрію
baking pan	форма для пирога
barbecue	барбекю
basket dinner	пікнік
baste	поливати жиром
bean	біб
beef stew	тушкована яловичина
beet	буряк
beverage	напій
black pudding	кров’яна ковбаса
blanched	почищений
boiled buckwheat	гречана каша
boiled dinner	блюдо з м'яса і овочів
boiled rice	рисова каша
boil up	розжарюватися, назрівати; досягати небезпечного рівня
red beet soup	червоний суп з буряка
brew	заварити чай
broil	смажити на вогні
broiled fish	смажена риба
brown	підсмажувати, підрум'янювати
buffet	шведський стіл, фуршет
boil over	перелитися через край
ban	булочка з родзинками
cake pan	форма для випічки
cereal	1) (хлібний) злак 2) (cereals) зернові культури
chew	жувати; пережовувати їжу
chop	котлета
chuck roast	печеня з курчати
chump	частина філе (найч. телятина)
cinnamon	кориця (прянощі) цвіт кориці
clove	гвоздика
cold cereal	пластівці з холодним молоком
semolina	манна каша
cookie	домашнє печиво
condensed milk	згущене молоко
condiment	приправа
crisp	твердий
crisp lettuce	кучерявий салат
crust	сухар
cucumber	огірок
curd	молоко, що згорнулося, сир, творог
currant	смородина
dessert spoon	десертна ложка
dough	тісто
doughnut	пампушка
dice	нарізувати у формі кубиків
dissolve grease	розтопити жир
isinglass	желатин
famish	голодувати
filling	начинка, фарш
fish soup	уха

Спеціальність: Музичне мистецтво

Music

Music is an art form whose medium is sound. Common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture. The word derives from Greek μουσική (mousike), "(art) of the Muses".

The creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context. Music ranges from strictly organized compositions (and their recreation in performance), through improvisational music to aleatoric forms. Music can be divided into genres and subgenres, although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle, sometimes open to individual interpretation, and occasionally controversial. Within "the arts", music may be classified as a performing art, a fine art, and auditory art.

To many people in many cultures music is an important part of their way of life. Greek philosophers and ancient Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies. Common sayings such as "the harmony of the spheres" and "it is music to my ears" point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to. However, 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music, saying, for example, "There is no noise, only sound." According to musicologist Jean-Jacques Nattiez, "the border between music and noise is always culturally defined—which implies that, even within a single society, this border does not always pass through the same place; in short, there is rarely a consensus.... By all accounts there is no single and intercultural universal concept defining what music might be, except that it is 'sound through time'."