П Р Е Д И С Л О В И Е. переработанное и дополненное

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АНГЛИЙСКИЙ В ФОКУСЕ

Издание 3-е,

переработанное и дополненное

Гродно 2012

УДК 801 (076) ББК 81.432.1 А 48   Автор-составитель:	И.А.Болдак, кандидат филологических наук, доцент
Рецензенты:	доцент, кандидат филологических наук, зав. кафедрой иностранных языков Гродненского аграрного университета Н.И.Веренич   доцент, кандидат филологических наук, зав. кафедрой иностранных языков №1 Гродненского государственного университета им. Я.Купалы М.О.Лойко

Рекомендовано Советом филологического факультета ГрГУ им.Я.Купалы

(протокол № от г.)

А 48	Focus on English. Английский в фокусе. Автор-составитель И.А.Болдак. – Гродно, 2012. – 284с.

Данное практическое пособие предназначено для развития навыков диалогической и монологической речи на базе основных грамматических явлений, включенных в Типовую учебную программу для неязыковых специальностей вузов.

Рассчитано на студентов 1-2 курсов негуманитарных специальностей университетов. Оно также может быть полезным для самых разных категорий читателей, желающих усовершенствовать знание английского языка.

УДК 801 (076)

ББК 81.432.1

Ó Составитель Болдак И.А., 2012 Ó оформление

П Р Е Д И С Л О В И Е

Настоящее практическое пособие предназначено для студентов негуманитарных специальностей университетов.

Основная цель пособия – обеспечить последовательную отработку основных грамматических и лексических явлений, включенных в Типовую учебную программу для неязыковых специальностей высших учебных заведений. При этом ставится задача закрепить основные грамматические и лексические модели английского языка, осуществить систематизацию наиболее употребительных разговорных формул, а также развить навыки быстроты реакции и беглости речи.

Данное практическое пособие состоит из 16 уроков основной части и приложения. Языковой материал сгруппирован по грамматическим темам, которые обозначены в начале каждого урока. Каждый из уроков включает тексты для изучающего чтения, диалог для отработки фонетических и интонационных навыков, устные и письменные упражнения. Предлагаемые в уроках тексты иллюстрируют грамматические явления, знание которого требуется в данном уроке. Устные и письменные упражнения в каждом уроке располагаются в порядке постепенного нарастания трудностей. В некоторых группах студентов (по усмотрению преподавателя) рекомендуется сначала выполнить упражнения группы “Drills” письменно, а потом переходить к устной проработке грамматического материала, добиваясь немедленной реакции и правильно построенного ответа.

Обучение устной речи строится на основе текстов и диалогов – образцов диалогического и монологического характера, моделирующих употребление изучаемого явления в различных сферах коммуникации, что в совокупности с соответствующим комплексом упражнений обеспечивает целенаправленную активизацию всех языковых явлений в ситуативно-контекстной речи.

Приложение включает в себя Таблицу неправильных глаголов и Таблицы основных правил чтения.

«Когда б весь год веселый праздник длился

Скучней работы стали б развлечения

Но редки праздники – и в радость нам

Лишь необычное бывает мило»

Уильям Шекспир

(1564 – 1616)

UNIT 1

Grammar:   Texts:     Dialogue:

1. Verb «to be»: the Present Tense 2. Construction «there is, there are» 3. Verb «to have»: the Present Tense 4. Possessive adjectives. 5. Countable and uncountable nouns 6. Articles 1. «Litter Is a Problem In Our Cities» 2. «Buckingham Palace» 3. «Meals in Britain» 1. «Here We Go»

Text One

«Litter Is a Problem in Our Cities»

Vocabulary litter garbage a can ugly to spoil a fence a disease to punish a jail a litterbug

Litter is garbage – like food, paper, and cans – on the ground or in the street. Where many people live together, litter is a problem. People don’t always put their garbage in the garbage can. It’s easier to drop a paper than to find a garbage can for it. But litter is ugly. It makes the city look dirty, and it spoils the view.

The wind blows papers far away. They are often difficult to catch. When they blow against a fence, they stay there. Then the fence is a wall of garbage.

Litter is a health problem, too. Food and garbage bring animals, which sometimes carry disease.

Some people want to control litter. They never throw litter themselves, and they sometimes work together in groups to clean up the city. In most places litter is against the law. The law punishes people who throw garbage on the streets. They usually pay a fine, and occasionally they go to jail.

Two famous sayings in the United States are: «Don’t be a litterbug!» and «Every litter bit hurts!»

Text Two

«Buckingham Palace»

Vocabulary: the whole world famous to grow up like to work full-time

The Palace. There are two addresses in London that the whole world knows. One is 10 Downing Street, where the Prime Minister lives. The other is Buckingham Palace. This famous palace, first built in 1703, is in the very centre of London.

Vocabulary: to prepare to feed Royal own Harrods a piper outside The Times

It is two places, not one. It is a family house, where children play and grow up. It is also the place where presidents, kings, and politicians go to meet the Queen. Buckingham Palace is like a small town, with a police station, two post offices, a hospital, a bar, two sports clubs, a disco, a cinema, and a swimming pool. There are 600 rooms and three miles of red carpet. Two men work full-time to look after the 300 clocks. About 700 people work in the Palace.

Vocabulary: to do the washing-up everybody during a course

The Queen’s Day. When the Queen gets up in the morning, seven people look after her. One starts her bath, one prepares her clothes, and one feeds the Royal dogs. She has eight or nine dogs, and they sleep in their own bedroom near the Queen’s bedroom. Two people bring her breakfast. She has coffee from Harrods, toast, and eggs. Every day for fifteen minutes, a piper plays Scottish music outside her room and the Queen reads The Times. Every Tuesday evening, she meets the Prime Minister. They talk about world news and have a drink, perhaps a gin and tonic or a whisky.

An Invitation to the Palace. When the Queen invites a lot of people for dinner, it takes three days to prepare the table and three days to do the washing-up. Everybody has five glasses: one for red wine, one for white wine, one for water, one for port, and one for liqueur. During the first and second courses, the Queen speaks to the person on her left and then she speaks to the person on her right for the rest of the meal. When the Queen finishes her food, everybody finishes, and it is time for the next course!

Text Three

«Meals in Britain»

Vocabulary: sausages mushrooms cereal marmalade honey orange a roll beef lamb chicken pork whole

A traditional English breakfast is a very big meal – sausages, bacon, eggs, tomatoes, mushrooms... But nowadays many people just have cereal with milk and sugar, or toast with marmalade, jam, or honey. Marmalade and jam are not the same! Marmalade is made from oranges and jam is made from other fruit. The traditional breakfast drink is tea, which people have with cold milk. Some people have coffee, often instant coffee, which is made with just hot water.

For many people lunch is a quick meal. In cities there are a lot of sandwich bars, where office workers can choose the kind of bread they want – brown, white, or a roll – and then all sorts of salad and meat or fish to go in the sandwich.

‘Tea’ means two things. It is a drink and a meal! Some people have afternoon tea, with sandwiches, cakes, and, of course, a cup of tea.

The evening meal is the meal of the day for many people. They usually have it quite early, between 6.00 and 8.00, and often the whole family eats together.

On Sundays many families have a traditional lunch. They have roast meat, either beef, lamb, chicken, or pork, with potatoes, vegetables, and gravy. Gravy is a sauce made from the meat juices.

Dialogue

«Here We Go»

Harold: Nancy: Harold: Nancy: Harold: Nancy: Harold: Nancy: Harold:   Nancy: Harold:     Nancy: Harold: Nancy: Harold: Nancy: Harold: Nancy: Harold: Nancy: Harold: Nancy: Harold: Nancy: Harold: Nancy: Harold: Nancy: Harold: Nancy: Harold:   Nancy: Harold: Nancy: Harold: Nancy:

London is a very interesting town, Nancy. Yes, it’s very interesting. There’s a lot of traffic here. This is Regent Street, isn’t it? Yes, you are right. This is Regent Street. Look, there’s a bus coming. Yes, it’s a double-decker. It’s a number 15. Look, Harold! What’s this? Ah, it’s a Rolls Royce. That’s a very good car, Nancy. What’s that? Is it a police car? Yes, it’s a police car. It’s going to Oxford Circus. Look at those girls! Are they English? No, they are Irish girls. Vocabulary: That’s a good idea. Look out. Come on. Let’s go. Thank you. There’s a bus coming. a double-decker This way. Here we go. Well, they are very pretty. Harold? Yes, Nancy? Where shall we go? Let’s go to Trafalgar Square. That’s a good idea. Shall we go by bus? No, let’s go by underground. All right, by underground. Where is the underground station? There’s a station in Picadilly Circus. Let’s go. Come on, then. Look out, Harold. A moped. Yes, that’s a moped. But this is a bicycle. A bicycle in Regent Street! How funny! A nice bell! Is it your bicycle, Harold? No, it’s not my bicycle. Come on, Nancy. Here’s Picadilly Circus. And there’s the underground station. Let’s go down. I’ll get the tickets. All right. Trafalgar Square. That’s 6-pence. Come on, Nancy. This way. There’s a train coming. Bakerloo Line. Yes, this train is going to Trafalgar Square. Let’s get in. Here we go.

Grammar Notes: Forms and Patterns

1. Verb «to be»: the Present Simple

(a) Forms:

I am (I’m) you are (you’re) he is (he’s) she is (she’s) it is (it’s) we are (we’re) you are (you’re) they are (they’re)	am I? are you? is he? is she? is it? are we? are you? are they?	I am (I’m) not you are not (aren’t) he is not (isn’t) she is not (isn’t) it is not (isn’t) we are not (aren’t) you are not (aren’t) they are not (aren’t)
	e.g.	I’m sixteen. «Are you English?» – «Yes, I am». «Is it a police car?» – «Yes, it is». «It is Regent Street, isn’t it?» – «Yes, you are right.»

(b) Position of Adverbs of Frequency

We put adverbs of frequency after the verb «to be».

e.g.	She is always late. They are never happy.

(с) Types of questions:

Buckingham Palace is an official residence of the Queen.

1. Is Buckingham Palace an official residence of the Queen? 2. Is Buckingham Palace a family house or an official residence of the Queen? 3. What is Buckingham Palace? 4. Buckingham Palace is an official residence of the Queen, isn’t it? 5. What palace is an official residence of the Queen?

2. Construction «there is, there are»

(a) Forms:

there is (there’s) there are (–)

is there? are there?

there is not (isn’t) there are not (aren’t)

e.g.	There’s a station in Picadilly Circus. There are two chairs in the hall. There’s some coffee on the table. Is there a lot of traffic in Regent Street? There aren’t enough garbage cans in the streets.

(b) Types of questions:

There is a station in Picadilly Circus.

1. Is there a station in Picadilly Circus? 2. Is there a station or a cinema in Picadilly Circus? 3. What is there in Picadilly Circus? 4. There is a station in Picadilly Circus, isn’t there?

3. Verb «to have»

(a) Forms:

	Have	got				Have
I You We They	have	got	a cat.		I You We They	have		a cat.
He She It	has	a garden.		He She It	has	a garden.
I You We They	haven’t	got	a dog.		I You We They	don’t	have	a dog.
He She It	hasn’t	a garage.		He She It	doesn’t	a garage.
Have	I you we they	got	any money?		Do	I you we they	have	any money?
Has	he she it	a sister?		Does	he she it	a sister?

(b) Meaning:

«Have got» means the same as «have» to talk about possession. We often use «have got» in spoken English.

(с) Types of questions:

They have got a garage near their house.

1. Have they got a garage near their house? 2. Have they got a garage or a garden near their house? 3. What have they got near their house? 4. They have got a garage near their house, haven’t they? 5. Who has got a garage near the house?

4. Possessive adjectives

I you he she

my your his her

mine yours his hers

it we you they

its our your their

its ours yours theirs

5. Countable and uncountable nouns

Some nouns are countable.   Some nouns are uncountable.   Some nouns are both!

e.g.   e.g.   e.g.

a book – two books an egg – six eggs bread rice Do you like ice-cream? We’d like three ice-creams, please.

6. Articles

a = indefinite article     the = definite article   no article

e.g.

1. She has a flat in London. (a = «one») Can I have a ham sandwich? 2. She’s a nurse. (jobs) 3. Can I have another cup of coffee? (another= an + other) 4. The flat (=her flat) is very nice. The ham sandwich is horrible! 5. The Times (newspapers) 6. The Prime Minister, the Queen 7. People don’t always put their garbage in the garbage can. 8. She has coffee from Harrods.(uncountable noun) Books are expensive. (things in general) Do you like Chinese food? 9. There are two famous addresses in London. One is 10 Downing St. The other is Buckingham Palace. 10. I have breakfast/ lunch/ dinner.(meals) I go/come home.(place) I go/come to school/ work/ bed/jail.(places) I go/come by train/ car/ bus/ taxi.(transport)

Drills