I Obligation and necessity; suggestion and advice; adverbs

1 Underline the correct words. Sometimes both options are possible.

1 In my office you have to / don't have to wear a suit but lots of people do.

2 These pills must not / don't have to be taken if you are under twelve years old.

3 I must / have to leave now because I have a meeting.

4 I didn't need to go / needn't have gone to the station to pick her up because she decided to get the bus, so I finished my essay instead.

5 Notice to all conference participants: Please note that you must / have got to register before entering the conference hall.

6 You mustn't / don't have to smoke inside but you can smoke outside.

7 When I was at university I must / had to write my assignments by hand because there weren't any computers then.

8 British dog-owners have to / must have passports for their dogs when they travel abroad.

9 Next year 111 have to /11 must get a job to pay back all the money I've borrowed from the bank for my university fees.

10 The interview went really well so I didn't need to worry / needn't have worried about it so much beforehand.

2 Fill in the gaps below with the correct form of (not) have to, must, (not) need or should.

1 A: I’m going to Florence next week so I’ll have to buy a guidebook.

B: Ah, well, you're in luck. You ____ buy a book because I've got a small guide to Florence I can lend you.

2 A: What's Mike doing these days?

B: He's studying really hard. He _______ pass his exams in order to get the promotion his company have promised him.

3 A: _______ (you) wear a uniform at work?

B: Yes, and I find it rather strange because I've never worn one before. When I was at school we ______ wear a uniform although the girls ________ wear skirts and not trousers.

4 A: The rules for university fees have just changed. I was really lucky because I _______ pay for my education, but unfortunately my brother _________ pay when he goes to university next year.

B: Yes, I know. My sister will be affected too.

5 A: The bread's in the oven. Can you remind me to get it out in 20 minutes? I ________ forget like last time when I burnt the loaf.

B: I'm sorry. I’m afraid I _______ go now, so I won't be able to remind you. Can't you set a timer?

A: Oh, _______ (you /really) go? I’d hoped you'd stay to lunch and have some of my bread!

6 A: I’ve just joined the tennis club. They've got all sorts of rules, you know.

B: Really? Like what?

A: Well, you ________ wear white clothes on the courts, of course. But the really silly rule is that you _______ turn your mobile off as soon as you arrive at the club. I don't want to do that - what if I'm needed at work or something?

B: Perhaps they don't know you're a doctor. You ________ tell them.

3 Read the extract. Decide if the underlined phrases are correct or not. Tick ( ✓ ) them if they are right and correct them if they are wrong.

Pollution is causing enormous problems all over the world these days. Governments 1 need to act quickly to stop this problem before it is too late

The first thing I believe we 2 absolutely should do is reduce the amount we use our cars. Our governments 3 must to encourage us to use public transport In my country, public transport is not very reliable, so the first thing that governments 4 have to do is to ensure that buses and trains are a viable alternative to the car. They 5 also should reduce the costs to the public of travelling on public transport

However, it is not only the government that 6 needs to make an effort. All of us 7 should make some effort to reduce pollution, first of all we 8 ought try to walk or cycle if we can, rather than using our cars. In the past people 9 must walk or cycle because they did not have cars. It is a shame that we have become so dependent on cars now Secondly, we 10 should trying to share car use with our friends and colleagues.

All of us 11 will must make some changes to our lives if we want to reduce pollution. Fortunately, we 12 mustn't make big changes to make big improvements in the situation.

1 __________ 4 __________ 7 ___________ 10 ________

2 __________ 5 __________ 8 ___________ 11 ________

3 __________ 6 __________ 9 ___________ 12 ________

4 Fill in the gaps with the correct form of (not) have to, ought to or must(n't) and the verbs in brackets.

Teacher: Do you think it's a good thing for young people to travel to different countries before settling down to a job?

Student: Yes, I think it's a really exciting and interesting thing to do.

Teacher: What 1 do you have to think (you/think) about if you're going to go travelling?

Student: Well, you 2 __________ (consider) lots of things first- For example, you 3 ________ (have) enough money in the first place, so you 4 _________ (work) a bit first to save some money. Then another important thing to consider is who to go with. You 5 ________ (travel) with a friend, but it is probably safer and less lonely if you do. Also, you 6 _________ (learn) a bit about the countries before you go. It's a good idea to research cultural issues, so that you don't offend people by your behaviour. If you go to Nepal, for example, you 7 ___________ (shout) or raise your voice in public, and you 8 ________ (always/walk) around a Buddhist temple in a clockwise direction. You 9 ________ (find out) these things before you go.

Teacher: What things 10 _________ (you/arrange) before you travel?

Student: Well, to visit some countries you 11 _________ (have) a visa, so you 12 __________ (organise) that before you go.