Read and memorize the following words. Use them in the sentences. Sort chart enable increase rectangle

Sort chart enable increase rectangle

entire combine account overall reveal

3. Read and translate the following sentences:

We both like the same sort of music. We saw all sorts (= many types) of animals in the park. Many sorts of bacteria are resistant to penicillin. I wouldn't have thought he was your sort (= was the type of man you would be attracted to). They sell souvenirs, postcards, that sort of thing. 2. Would you rather use a statistical chart or a bar chart. Could you help me to compile a chart. 3. Computerization should enable us to cut production costs by half. 4. The physician increased the dosage from one to four pills. Incidents of armed robbery have increased over the last few years. The cost of the project has increased dramatically/significantly since it began. Gradually increase the temperature to boiling point. Increased/Increasing efforts are being made to end the dispute. 5. A Rectangle whose width or height is negative is considered empty. 6. He'd spent the entire journey asleep. They got an entire set of silver cutlery as a wedding present. 7. The members decided to combine the tennis club with the cricket club, forming one sports club. When rising prices are combined with a lack of jobs, many people suffer and the nation becomes poorer. Let us combine our two firms against our competitors. These normally harmless substances combine to form a highly poisonous gas. 8. This currently accounts for about half of our total sales. Exports now account for 55 to 60 percent of total production. Trade agreements are to be accounted for yearly. You will have to account to me for all you do. 9. She revealed the secret to us. A gap in the clouds revealed the Atlantic far below.

4. Read and translate the text:

You present categorical data by sorting responses by categories. The count, amount, or percentage (part of the whole) of responses by category is then placed into a summary table or into one of several forms of charts.

The Summary Table. A two-column table in which the names of the categories are listed in the first column and the count, amount, or percentage of responses are listed in a second column. Sometimes additional columns present the same data in two or more ways (for example, as counts and percentages).

EXAMPLE. Blood Donation Behavior by Americans

Behavior Percentage (%)

Donate regularly 11

Have donated and may again 31

Have not but may in future 17

Never have, never will 13

Want to, but think they cannot 28

This table summarizes the results of a blood donation behavior survey that was conducted during the American Red Cross Save a Life Tour1.

Summary tables enable you to see the big picture about a set of data. In the example, you can conclude that there seems a good opportunity to increase the percentage of people giving blood donations because only 11% donate regularly, and an equally small group (13%) say they will never donate.

The Bar Chart. A chart containing rectangles (“bars”) in which the length of each bar represents the count, amount, or percentage of responses of one category.

A bar chart better makes the point that the category “have donated and may donate again” is the single largest category for this example. For most people, scanning a bar chart is easier than scanning a column of numbers in which the numbers are unordered, as they are in the blood donation summary table.

The Pie Chart. A circle chart in which wedge-shaped areas—pie slices—represent the count, amount, or percentage of each category and the entire circle (“pie”) represents the total.

By ordering the categories carefully, you can make the point that a majority of those surveyed either want to donate but think they cannot or are people who have donated in the past and may do so again in the future.

Although you will probably produce most of your pie charts using computers or calculators, you can also produce a pie chart using a protractor to divide up a drawn circle. To produce a pie chart in this way, first calculate percentages for each category. Then multiply each percentage by 360, the number of degrees in a circle, to get the number of degrees for the arc (part of circle) portion of each category’s pie slice. (For example, for the “have donated blood regularly” category, multiply 11% by 360 degrees to get 39.6 degrees.) Mark the endpoints of this arc on the circle using the protractor, and draw lines from the endpoints to the center of the circle. (You may want to draw your circle using a compass so that the center of the circle can be easily identified.)

The Pareto Diagram. A special type of bar chart in which the counts, amounts, or percentages of each category are presented in descending order left to right, along with a superimposed plotted line that represents a running cumulative percentage.

When there are many categories, Pareto diagrams enable you to focus on the most important categories by visually separating the “vital few” from the “trivial many” categories. For the keyboard defects data, the Pareto diagram highlights that two categories, warpage and damage, account for nearly one-half of all defects, and that those two combined with the pin mark category account for more than 60% of all defects.

Two-Way Cross-Classification Tables. A multicolumn table that presents the count or percentage of responses to two categorical variables. In two-way tables, the categories of one of the variables form the rows of the table, while the categories of the second variable form the columns. Cross-classification tables are also known as cross-tabulation tables.

The simplest two-way table has but two rows and two columns in its inner part (that is, excluding the total).