Text 6 United Nations organization

Exercise 6.1 Study the vocabulary:

1) facilitating	1) просування, сприяння
2) achievement	2) досягнення
3) to replace	3) переміщати
4) to provide	4) забезпечувати постачати
5) multiple	5) численний
6) subsidiary	6) додатковий, допоміжний
7) to coin	7) створювати нові слова
8) pledging	8) зобов’язання
9) effort	9) зусилля, спроба
10) signatory	10) сторона, що підписала документ
11) deliberation	11) обговорення
12) assessed contributions	12) обов’язкові платежі, внески

Exercise 6.2 Read and translate the text:

The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace. The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League of Nations, to stop wars between countries, and to provide a platform for dialogue. It contains multiple subsidiary organizations to carry out its missions.

Franklin D. Roosevelt first coined the term 'United Nations' as a term to describe the Allied countries. The term was first officially used on 1 January 1942, when 26 governments signed the Atlantic Charter, pledging to continue the war effort. On 25 April 1945, the UN Conference on International Organization began in San Francisco, attended by 50 governments and a number of non-governmental organizations involved in drafting the United Nations Charter. The UN officially came into existence on 24 October 1945 upon ratification of the Charter by the five permanent members of the Security Council – France, the Republic of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States – and by a majority of the other 46 signatories. The first meetings of the General Assembly, with 51 nations represented, and the Security Council, took place in Westminster Central Hall in London in January 1946.

There are currently 193 member states, including every internationally recognised sovereign state in the world but the Vatican City. From its offices around the world, the UN and its specialized agencies decide on substantive and administrative issues in regular meetings held throughout the year. The organization has six principal organs: the General Assembly (the main deliberative assembly); the Security Council (for deciding certain resolutions for peace and security); the Economic and Social Council (for assisting in promoting international economic and social cooperation and development); the Secretariat (for providing studies, information, and facilities needed by the UN); the International Court of Justice (the primary judicial organ); and the United Nations Trusteeship Council (which is currently inactive). Other prominent UN System agencies include the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Food Programme (WFP) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). The UN's most visible public figure is the Secretary-General.

The United Nations Headquarters resides in international territory in New York City, with further main offices at Geneva, Nairobi, and Vienna. The organization is financed from assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states, and has six official languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish

Exercise 6.3 Complete the sentences and choose the best variant:

1. The UN was founded to replace …

a) the Security Council

b) the League of Nations

c) the General Assembly

2. The UN contains multiple subsidiary organizations to …

a) carry out its missions

b) to continue the war effort

c) to draft the UN Charter

3. The term “United Nations” was used as a term to …

a) to provide a platform for dialogue

b) carry out its missions

c) describe the Allied countries

4. The Secretariat provides studies, information, and …

a) facilities needed by the UN

b) the opportunity to address the assembly

c) recommendations on peace and security.

5. The United Nations Headquarters resides in …

a) Westminster Central Hall in London

b) international territory in New York City

c) the Vatican City

Exercise 6.4 Make up word-combinations using the words from two groups: