Use of the essential vocabulary. Task 2. Memorise the essential vocabulary to text 1 and translate the sentences containing it: (1) to adapt (пристосовуватися) – become or make suitable

Task 2. Memorise the essential vocabulary to Text 1 and translate the sentences containing it:

(1) to adapt (пристосовуватися) – become or make suitable for a new situation. He’s able to adapt and work with different age groups. adaptable – той, що легко пристосовується adaptation – адаптація, пристосування adaptability – здатність пристосовуватися

(2) approach (підхід) – way of dealing with smth. There are several approaches to leadership.

(3) authority(керівництво, влада) – power to give orders. Authority rather makes you a boss than a leader. authoritarian – авторитарний, владний

(4) charisma (харизма) – power to inspire devotion and enthusiasm. Most people who succeeded in leading others possessed charisma.

(5) coherent (зв’язаний) – (of ideas, speech) connected logically; clear and easy to understand. Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organisation in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. coherence – зв’язок to cohere – гармоніювати, узгоджуватись cohesion – зв’язок, згуртованість cohesive – зв’язаний

(6) common (поширений, загальновідомий, спільний) – shared or used by two or more people; shared by everyone in society. The most common approaches to study and analyse leadership are traits theory, situational theory and transformational leadership theory.

(7) compliance (згода) – agreement to smth., obeying. Authority gets you compliance. in compliance with – згідно з compliant – поступливий

(8) to confront (протистояти) – oppose; to face in hostility. A manager may need to confront an employee for inappropriate behaviour. confrontation – конфронтація, протиборство

(9) to delegate (делегувати, доручати; передавати повноваження) – give duties, rights to smb.; appoint smb. as a representative. In order to have time for more important tasks a good manager should be able to delegate some minor ones to his subordinates.

(10) democratic(демократичний) – characterised by social equality. Democratic (or participative) style of managerial leadership is characterised by greater interaction within the group, flexibility, empathy. democracy – демократія

(11) to distinguish (відрізняти, розрізняти) – see or understand the difference between two things. One should distinguish between being a manager and being a good leader.

(12) effective (ефективний, дійовий) – producing the results that one wants. In order to be an effective manager one should be a leader.

(13) empathy(співчуття; уміння поставити себе на місце іншого) – the power to enter into the feeling or spirit of others. Empathy is one of the characteristics of a democratic style of leadership.

(14) to encourage (підбадьорювати; заохочувати) – give support, confidence or hope to. Teachers are supposed to encourage and supervise subordinates. encouragement – підбадьорювання, підтримка, заохочення encouraging – заохочувальний

(15) to implement (впроваджувати; забезпечувати виконання) – carry out (a plan, idea, etc). Mary Follett’s ideas are now being implemented in many firms throughout the world.

(16) to influence (впливати) – to direct others to achieve common goals. Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organisation in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. influence – вплив influential – впливовий

(17) to integrate (об’єднувати в єдине ціле) – combine smth. so that it becomes fully a part of smth. else. The most important task set before the leader is to create team spirit and to integrate individual and group goals. integration – об’єднання, зведення в єдине ціле

(18) interpretation (пояснення; інтерпретація) – explaining smth. that is difficult to understand; understanding smth. in a particular way. As a rule, one notion has more than one interpretation.

(19) laissez-faire(невтручання) – allowing subordinates to work as they choose with minimum interference. Laissez-faire leadership means that the manager mainly sets objectives to the subordinates and allows them freedom of action.

(20) to lead(вести, керувати) – control or direct smb./smth. Not every manager has the ability to lead others. leader – лідер, керівник leadership – керівництво, управління leading – провідний

(21) to maintain (підтримувати, зберігати) – cause to continue; keep in existence. A good manager should always maintain his or her composure while making important decisions.

(22) respect (повага) – high admiration or esteem for a person or quality; consideration. Leaders and their followers should pay respect to one another. respectable – шанований respectful – шанобливий, ввічливий with respect to smth. – щодо чогось

(23) reward (винагорода) – smth. given in return for work or services. Most people expect to get a reward for their work.

(24) skill (навичка; вміння) – ability to do smth. well. Everyone who applies for a position of a manager should possess skills in using a computer. skillful – вправний, досвідчений

(25) supervisor (наглядач, керівник) – person who manages and controls, e.g. workers. Supervisors should be strict and fair at the same time. to supervise – наглядати, контролювати supervisory – спостережний, контролюючий

(26) to solve the problem(вирішувати проблему) – to find the answer to a problem. It takes different time and abilities to solve different problems.

(27) trait (риса характеру) – particular quality or characteristic. According to traits theory, leaders possess certain traits which are common to all of them.

(28) willing (добровільний, невимушений) – doing smth. enthusiastically and without being forced. Good leaders are willing to work hard.

Task 3. Match each word in section A with its translation in section B:

A. Encouragement; to find out; actual; to influence; respectful; willing; skill; objective; available; goal; trait; authority; to delegate; ordinary; leading; decisive; cohesive; common; subordinate; flexible; to integrate; attribute; empathy; to supervise; adaptation; approach; to confront; to maintain; courageous; to distinguish.

B. Ціль; зв’язаний; ввічливий; впливати; пристосування; підхід; рішучий; розрізняти; звичайний; властивість; наглядати; співчуття; дійсний; риса характеру; довідуватись; зберігати; завдання; сміливий; протистояти; провідний; підтримка; влада; доступний; доручати; об’єднувати в ціле; добровільний; спільний; підлеглий; вміння; гнучкий.

Task 4. Match each word in section A with the one of the similar meaning in section B:

A. Courageous; available; coherent; ordinary; decisive; willing; leading; compliant; flexible; influential; effective.

B. Usual; determined; prominent; on hand; efficient; agreeable; brave; powerful; adaptable; consistent; ready.

Task 5. Match each word in section A with the one of the opposite meaning in section B:

A. Reward; integration; skill; leader; flexibility; commitment; empathy; respect; courage; subordinate; decisiveness.

B. Follower; incompliance; unfaithfulness; supervisor; disrespect; cowardice; indecision; separation; lack of understanding; inability; punishment.

Task 6. Match each word in section A with its definition in section B:

A. To carry out; to delegate; to lead; to cohere; to respect; to encourage; to implement; to maintain; to distinguish; to consider; to adapt.

B. To be in charge for smth.; to stimulate by assistance or approval; to keep in a specified state; to adjust to new conditions; to give one’s duties to smb.; to bear in mind; to show regard or consideration for; to fulfil or complete; to be connected logically; to put into effect; to recognise as distinct.

Task 7. Rearrange the following jumbled words into sentences:

1. Leadership, of a management, is more than just having the authority, or supervisory position. 2. Leadership, a person influences others, is a process by which, and directs the organisation, to accomplish an objective, in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. 3. Leadership differs in that it makes the followers want, rather than, to achieve high goals, simply bossing people around. 4. Leadership, and changeable nature, has a very complex. 5. While studying leadership, tried to find out, which would distinguish leaders, psychologists and other researchers, if leaders possess any special skills and qualities, from other people. 6. According to the situational theory, which brings out extraordinary leadership qualities, a crisis or important event, to rise to the occasion, may cause a person, in an ordinary person. 7. Transforma­tional theory says, to become leaders, that people can choose, and therefore learn leadership skills. 8. Researchers single out, and that is the notion, one more notion, of a leadership style. 9. There are, such as dictatorial, to describe a leadership style, many ways, bureaucratic, charismatic, consultative, participative etc. 10. Managers, and tell their subordinates, using authoritarian style, tend to issue orders, what to do.

Task 8. Memorise the essential vocabulary to Text 2 and translate the sentences containing it:

(1) acknowledgement (визнання) – recognition of authority, validity or claims of. Acknowledgement is one of the self-esteem needs of a human being. to acknowledge – визнавати

(2) to anticipate (передбачати) – to foresee and act in advance. We had anticipated the expansion of the Eastern market and founded four affiliated branches. anticipation – передчуття, сподівання

(3) to assess (оцінювати) – judge the importance, worth of; calculate the value of. We assessed possible losses and made our decision: to reduce production. assessment – оцінка, судження assessor – експерт, консультант

(4) assumption (припущення) – supposition. The assumption that individuals are motivated by the desire to fulfil inner needs is true. to assume – вважати, припускати

(5) to attempt(намагатися) – to try to accomplish. We attempted to change our motivation system. attempt – спроба, намагання

(6) to coach (готувати, тренувати) – to instruct or train. Our managers coach their team members.

(7) content(суть, вміст) – smth. that is contained; smth. expressed in ideas, speech, book etc. One can find the content of the presentation on our web-site.

(8) to drive (спонукати; змушувати до чогось) – to strive or to make others strive vigorously toward an objective; to compel or constrain. The crisis drove us to reduce the range of our services.

(9) to ensure(забезпечувати, гарантувати) – to secure or guarantee. This company ensures medical care for its employees.

(10) outcome (наслідок, результат) – a final or decisive result. We are proud of the outcomes of the human resource management department activity: the best specialists in banking work in our company.

(11) policy(політика) – a guiding principle or course of action adopted toward an objective or objectives. Honesty is the best policy.

(12) recognition (визнання, схвалення) – approval and acceptance of one’s work, efforts etc. or an expression of this. The recognition of our competitor’s products was obvious. to recognise – визнавати recognised – загальновизнаний

(13) self-esteem(самоповага, почуття власної гідності) – good opinion of oneself, one’s abilities etc. Self-esteem is one of the most important things in self-assessment.

(14) staff (персонал, працівники) – personnel, employees. The staff of the restaurant is well-trained.

Task 9. Match each word in section A with its translation in section B:

A. Equity; to comprise; feedback; to challenge; self-esteem; performance; justice; efficient; opportunity; social; to assess; motive; to acknowledge; demand; to motivate; assumption; observance; forecast; staff; to employ; safe; to provide; outcome; anticipation; to recruit; attempt.

B. Товариський; працівники; виконання; припущення; передбачення; охоплювати; результат; самоповага; містити; безсторонність; сподівання; нагода; ефективний; оцінювати; справедливість; мотив; політика; вербувати; ставити вимоги; спроба; забезпечувати; спонукати; визнавати; відповідь; додержання; безпечний.

Task 10. Match each word in section A with the one of the similar meaning in section B:

A. Recognised; social; human; demanding; just; challenging; safe; efficient; political; driving.

B. Forceful; strict; approved; fair; secure; kind; effective; sociable; difficult; national.

Task 11. Match each word in section A with the one of the opposite meaning in section B:

A. Employer; feedback; need; recognition; staff; demand; justice; resource; outcome; challenge; self-esteem.

B. Authority; lack of self-esteem; help; request; reason; want; employee; injustice; disapproval; result; supply.

Task 12. Match each word in section A with its definition in section B:

A. To perform; to attempt; to ensure; to involve; to recognise; to comprise; to acknowledge; to drive; to recruit; to provide; to assume.

B. To make others strive for objectives; to make a part of; to find new people to work in a company; to supply with what is necessary; to make certain; to believe smth. is true; to accept as real or true; to try hard to do smth.; to admit; to consist of particular parts; to do a task or a job.

Task 13. Rearrange the following jumbled words into sentences:

1. The work of managers, that staff works efficiently, is to ensure, in an organisation. 2. Motivation, to do something, is getting others, because they want to do it. 3. To motivate others, is one, of the most important, management tasks. 4. Many methods, of employee motivation, have been developed. 5. Motivation theories, attempting to be effective leaders, are important to supervisors. 6. The content approach to motivation, that individuals are motivated by the desire, focuses on the assumption, to fulfil inner needs. 7. One of the best known theories is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory, using this approach. 8. The American psychologist, and classifies them, identifies certain basic human needs, in an ascending order of importance. 9. Motivators, achievement, recognition, responsibi­lity, include work itself, growth and advancement. 10. Company policies, supervision, working conditions, interpersonal relationship and salary, which cause dissatisfaction if missing, are called hygiene factors, but are not motivators themselves.