In the text find the information as referring to

1961, 2011, 2031

4 Check your understanding of these nouns and noun phrases from the reading passage (give either their definitions or explain them).

structural ageing ……………………………………………………………………………

living standards …………………………………………………………………………….

labour shortages ……………………………………………………………………………

social expenditure ………………………………………………………………………….

standard of living …………………………………………………………………………..

roles ………………………………………………………………………………………..

market sector ………………………………………………………………………………

Vocabulary Work

In the reading passage, find the adjective that comes before each noun or a noun phrase below.	From the box below, choose an adjective that has a similar meaning to each adjective you have found.	Which of the remaining adjectives in the box mean the opposite of the adjectives in the left column? (One adjective doesn’t have an opposite)
e.g. … expanding economies …………….. living standards …………….. labour shortages ………… social expenditure …………… standard of living ……………………….. roles ………………. market sector	e.g. fast-growing economies …………….. living standards …………….. labour shortages ………… social expenditure …………… standard of living ……………………….. roles ………………. market sector	e.g. … flagging economies …………….. living standards …………….. labour shortages ………… social expenditure …………… standard of living ……………………….. roles ………………. market sector

acute corresponding crucial declining rising

frivolous inadequate related ineffectual unconnected

negligible powerful satisfactory thriving