Pre-Reading exercises. Ex 1. State to what parts of speech the following words belong and translate them:

Ex 1. State to what parts of speech the following words belong and translate them:

requirement, hardness, durability, strength, resistance, ancient, compar­ison, mechanical, disadvantage, suitable, compactness, porosity, foundation, structure, durable, crushed, equipment, deriva­tive, primary, artificial, cementing, plaster, categorize, manipulation, designer, effective, economical, engineer, availability, property.

Ex. 2. Choose a word from column B similar in the meaning to each of the words under letter A:

A	B	A	B
synthetic	main	wood	building
primary	auxiliary	structure	employ
secondary	old	fire-resistant	timber
ancient	artificial	use	fire-proof

Ex 3. What suffixes help to form abstract nouns describing properties of materials?

Make up nouns out of the following adjectives:

a) hard, durable, strong, light, compact, porous, available,

b) fire-resistant, decay-resistant, weather-resistant

Ex 4. Divide the given words into 2 groups:

a) adjectives having comparative forms,

b) adjectives having no comparative forms

Primary, hard, ancient, artificial, porous, organic, mechanical, cheap, strong, light, easy, synthetic, important, physical, industrial, compact, available, costly (дорогой, дорогостоящий), resistant, main, durable, effective.

Ex 5. Give the comparative and superlative degree of the following adjectives and adverbs:

cheap, hard, durable, ancient, strong, light, easy, easily, important, widely, compact, porous, available, costly, weather-resistant.

Ex 6. Divide the nouns into 2 groups:

a) names of building materials,

b) other nouns

limestone, purpose, wood, stone, mixture, property, brick, heat, century, concrete, fire, steel, plastics, hardness, soda ash, strength, cellulose, weight, sound, paste, water, sand, century, resin, protein, cullet, glass.

Ex. 7. Translate the following word combinations:

To meet requirements, to fasten together, commonly used materials, certain disadvantages, to differ in hardness, fire-proof buildings, easy to work with, mechanical properties, steps of buildings, with the help of mortar, for finishing structures, structures under water, unaffected by acids, organic derivatives, to require skilled labour, primary building materials, artificial stone, bearing structures, interior finish of structures, to bind together masonry units, constituents of wall plaster, to make in industrial settings, to categorize into two sources, petroleum based paints, the most economical means, minimally processed, to come into use.