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II.5. The method of semantic development
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The method of semantic development consists in replacement of dictionary accordance by the contextual, lexically one related to it during translation. A metaphor and metonymy belongs to the method of semantic development.
If to take into account that all significant parts are divided into three categories such as objects, processes and signs, then the object can be replaced by its sign, the process by an object, the sign by an object or process etc. for the transmission of the same content by the devices of the other language. The process means an action or state. It is possible to define the six following variants:
| The reason | The process | The result |
| 1. The replacement of the process by its reason | ||
| 2. The replacement of the process by its result | ||
| 3. The replacement of the reason by the process | ||
| 4. The replacement of the reason its result | ||
| 5. The replacement of the result by its reason | ||
| 6. The replacement of the result by a process. |
For example:
| «I don’t think she’s living here at the moment. Her bed wasn’t slept in». | Я гадаю, вона не живе в цьому місці в даний час. Її постіль не зім’ята. |
A talker entered the room and saw that a bed she usually makes is not crumpled. Instead of the direct translation «вона не спала у своєму ліжку» the result is marked out. A process is replaced by the result.
The antonymous translation is the replacement of some notion that is expressed in the source language text, by the opposite notion in translation with the corresponding reorganization of all the utterance for saving of invariable plan of the content. For example:
| Stradlater didn’t say anything. | Стредлейтер промовчав. |
| I’m not kidding. | Я вам серйозно кажу. |
In the first sentence the English negative construction is passed by the Ukrainian affirmative one, and the verb «to say» is replaced by its Ukrainian antonym «промовчати».
In the second sentence the replacement of negative construction by the affirmative one and replacement of expression «to be kidding» that is in Ukrainian «жартувати» by its antonym «серйозно казати» take place. Such double replacement gives the same meaning of a sentence in the whole.
The application of antonymous translation at the transmission of English construction «not... until» into Ukrainian is typical. For example:
| They gave me the wrong book, and I didn’t notice it till I got back to my room. | Я лише вдома помітила, що мені дали не ту книгу. |
| I didn’t think of it till we went half-way through the park. | Згадав я про це, коли ми вже проїхали майже весь парк. |
It is necessary to understand that the negation in English is expressed through the preposition «without» as well:
| Не never met him afterwards without asking him... | Після цього він кожного разу при зустрічі питав його... |
The special variety of antonymous translation is the replacement of an adjective or adverb in a comparative or superlative degree by an adjective or adverb in a positive degree or vice versa, that is accompanied by the replacement of affirmative construction into the negative one (or vice versa). For example:
Дата публикования: 2014-12-25; Прочитано: 1326 | Нарушение авторского права страницы | Мы поможем в написании вашей работы!
