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Supplementary tasks:
Text: The First Railways in Europe(I)
1.Read and memorize new words and expressions on the text:
steam locomotion
head-and-shoulders start
steam-worked railway
a great deal from practice
to lay out the main lines
to pioneer railways
to develop and expand trains
head-and-shoulders start in world
the first public steam-worked railway
learnt a great deal from Stephenson's practice
early Continental railways were also built by English engineers.
2.Read and translate the text
The experiments with steam locomotion in England did not go unnoticed on the Continent, although given Britain's head-and-shoulders start in world industrialisation it was several years before much development took place elsewhere.
The first public steam-worked railway in France was the Lyon & St Etienne, a 38-mile line opened in 1828 which took delivery of its first two engines the following year. They were built by Marc Seguin, a French engineer who had visited England and learnt a great deal from Stephenson's practice. His design solved a number of the problems, which had been vexing the Stockton & Darlington, without producing answers as satisfactory as Stephenson came to for the Liverpool & Manchester. Consequently the second and subsequent early French railways, such as the Paris-St Germain (1837) and the two competing lines from Paris to Versailles (1839/40), obtained their earliest locomotives from the Stephenson works at Newcastle. It was some time before native products displaced the imports, partly because so many of the early Continental railways were also built by English engineers.
Дата публикования: 2014-12-11; Прочитано: 316 | Нарушение авторского права страницы | Мы поможем в написании вашей работы!