Part II

1. When was the automatic computer invented?

2. Why did Babbage want to design a device for calculating mathematical tables?

3. What kind of machine was the Difference Engine?

4. How long was the Difference Engine being constructed?

5. What was the Babbage's reason for abandoning the project?

6. What was the dissimilarity between the Difference Engine and the Analytical Engine?

7. What can you say about the Analytical Engine?

8. How long did Baggage work on the Analytical Engine?

9. Why didn't he complete it?

10. Who wrote the demonstration program for the Analytical Engine?

Ex. 22. If you think a statement is false, change it to make it true. (TIP: You should replace only one word in each sentence.) Go back to the text if necessary.

Part I

1. The abacus was devised in Babylonia in about 500 A.C.

2. The abacus consists of a circular frame with thin parallel rods strung with beads.

3. Blaise Pascal (the French mathematician and philologist) built the adding machine in 1642.

4. Gottfried Leibniz made improvements on Pascal's digital calculator.

5. The calculators of Pascal and Leibniz were reliable, because the component parts could not be manufactured with required precision at that time.

6. The Jacquard loom was the first device to use punch machines for inputting data.

7. Punch cards enabled the Jacquard loom to choose any pattern automatically.

8. It can be said that, in the Jacquard loom, a programmer was invented before the computer.