Text 5. Architectural terms

(Continued)

Words and word combinations:

Entablature – антаблемент;

facade – фасад, наружность, внешний вид;

frieze – фриз, бордюр;

Ionic order – ионический ордер;

module – модуль;

nave – неф, корабль (церкви);

order – ордер;

pediment – фронтон;

pendentive – нависающий;

pier – 1) устой., столб,контрфорс; 2) простенок;

post and lintel – опора и перемычка окна или двери;

shaft – 1)стержень колонны, столб, 2) шпиль;

transept – трансепт, поперечный неф готического собора;

Tuscan order – Тосканский ордер;

vault – свод;

a capital and the roof – капитель и крыша;

contain an entrance – содержащий вход;

a relief sculpture – рельефная скульптура;

a triangular – треугольный,трехгранный;;

a classical-style building – здание в классическом стиле;

an inverted triangle – треугольный обратный свод;

a large pillar - большая стойка;

a T- or cross- shaped church – Т или крестообразная церковь;

a Roman order - Римский ордер;

an arched brick or stone – арочный кирпич или камень;

a single continuous arch – прямая продолженная арка;

barrel vault – бочоночный свод;

groined vault – крестовый свод;

ribbed vault – диагональный свод.

Entablature refers to the upper horizontal part of an order between a capital and the roof. It consists of three major parts- the architrave, frieze and cornice.

Facade is the front of a building. Most facades contain an entrance.

Frieze forms the middle part of an entablature and is often decorated with a horizontal band of relief sculpture.

Ionic order was the second of the Greek orders. It has a capital decorated with carved spiral rolls called volutes.

Module is a measurement, such as the diameter of a column, which architects use to establish the proportions of in entire structure.

Nave is the chief area within a church. It extends from the main entrance to the transept.

Order, in a classical architecture, consisted of a column and an entablature. Orders served as the basic elements of Greek and Roman architecture and influenced many later styles.

Pediment is a triangular between the horizontal entablature and the sloping roof at the front of a classical-style building.

Pendentive is a curved support shaped like an inverted triangle. Pendentives hold up a dome.

Pier refers to a large pillar used to support a roof.

Post and lintel is a method of construction in which vertical beams (posts)support a horizontal beam (lintel).

Shaft is the main part of a column below the capital. Many shafts have shallow vertical grooves called fluting.

Transept forms the arms in a T- or cross- shaped church.

Tuscan order, a Roman order, resembles the Doric order, but the shaft has no fluting.

Vault is an arched brick or stone ceiling or roof. A barrel vault, the simplest form of vault, is a single continuous arch. A groined vault is formed by joining two barrel vaults at right angles. A ribbed vault has diagonal arches that project from the surface.

Exercises:

1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:

the upper horizontal part; three major parts- the architrave; the middle part of an entablature; the second of the Greek orders; to establish the pro-portions of in entire structure; a triangular between the horizontal entablature and the sloping roof.

2. Say if the following sentences are true or false:

1. It consists of three major parts- the architrave, frieze and cornice.

2. Ionic order was the second of the Roman orders.

3. Pier refers to a small pillar used to support a roof.

4. Many shafts have shallow vertical grooves called fluting.

5. A barrel vault, the simplest form of vault, is a single continuous arch.

6. A ribbed vault hasn’t diagonal arches that project from the surface.

3. Insert missing words, use the text’s vocabulary:

1. Frieze forms the middle part of an … and is often decorated with a … band of relief sculpture.2. Module is a …, such as the diameter of a column, which architects use to … the proportions of in entire structure.3. Post and lintel is a method of construction in which vertical beams (…) support a horizontal beam (…).4. Tuscan order, a … order, resembles the … order, but the shaft has no fluting.5. Vault is an … brick or stone ceiling or roof.

4. Translate these sentences into Russian:

1. Vault is an arched brick or stone ceiling or roof.2. Entablature refers to the upper horizontal part of an order between a capital and the roof.3. Nave is the chief area within a church. It extends from the main entrance to the transept. 4. Pendentive is a curved support shaped like an inverted triangle. 5.Tuscan order, a Roman order, resembles the Doric order, but the shaft has no fluting.

5.Learn by heart the terms of architecture.