Перефразируйте высказывания, употребив вместо выделенных слов-заместителей нужны существительные

1. Igneous rocks may be divided into those crystallizing within the earth and those solidifying at the surface.
2. Earthquakes cause much more trouble in areas of unconsolidated materials than in those with solid rock exposed at the surface. Greater amplitudes of vibrations are possible in the former than in the latter.
3. In a moist, warm climate rock decay is rapid. In a dry oneit is slower.
4. Material deposited in this way will be stratified, but all of it will be fine-grained.
5. Basic lavas move faster than acidic ones because the former are less viscous.
6. The water carries particles of rock and these finally are dropped in lakes, rivers and oceans to form beds of sand and mud.
7. The ration between the densities of granite and basalt is comparable to that existing between those of ice and water.

Ex. 20.

Употребить вместо подчёркнутых слов слова-заместители.

1. The shape of sand particles may vary from completely rounded grains to angular fragments. The rounded grains are rare and are found generally in desert regions.
2. As a rule, river sands are more angular than sands found in lake and marine deposits.
3. Some water deposits are grouped into two main types: marine sediments and continental sediments. Marine sediments are deposited in the sea and continental sediments are deposited in fresh water.
4. This volcano is relatively weak as compared with that volcano.
5. Topography shaped by glaciers differs sharply from the topography shaped by running water.
6. Naturally, hard minerals will offer more resistance to mechanical weathering than soft minerals.
7. The geological influence of the sun up on the Earth is far greater than the geological influence of the Moon.

Ex. 21.

Откорректируйте текст, избегая, по возможности, повторений. Используйте слова-заместители «the former”, “the latter”.

The top most layers of the earth are called the crust. Its thickness and composition are not constant, but vary between the continental crust and the oceanic crust. The continental crust is much thicker than the oceanic crust and consists of light rocks; the oceanic crust is made up of dark rocks.

Ex. 22.

Откорректируйте текст, избегая, по возможности, повторений одних и тех же существительных. Используйте слова-заместители “those”, “latter”.

It is known that certain animals and plants are confined to definite physical areas. The animals of the mountains are different from the animals on the plateaus; and the animals of the plateaus, in turn, have characteristics which distinguish them from the creatures of the low plains. The animals of the strand are not the same as the animals inhabiting the open ocean; the floras and faunas of fresh-water lakes are not the same as the floras and faunas found in the seas.

Ex. 23.