LESSON 9

THE COMPARISON OF THE COMPUTER DEVELOPMENT IN THE USA AND THE UKRAIN [1]

Task 1. Read and translate the text:

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

At the time when the computer science was just uprising these two countries were one of the most noticeably influential. There were a lot of talented scientists and inventors in both of them. But the situation in the Ukraine (which at that time was one of 15 Republics of the former USSR) was complicated, on the one hand with the consequences of the Second World War and. On the other hand, at a certain period cybernetics and Computer Science were not acknowledged. Of cause, later it went to the past, but nevertheless it played a negative role on the Ukrainian computer development. It also should be noticed that in America they paid more attention to the development of computers for civil and later personal use. But in the Ukraine the attention was mainly focused on the military and industrial needs.

Another interesting aspect of the Ukrainian computer development was the process of the 70s when "sovietizing" of the IBM-360 system became the first step on the way of weakening of positions achieved by the Soviet machinery construction the first two decades of its development. The next step that led to the further lag was the mindless copying by the SU Ministry of Electronic Industry and putting into the production the next American elaborations in the field of microprocessor equipment.

The natural final stage was buying in enormous quantities of foreign computers last years and pressing to the deep background our domestic researches and developments and the computer-building industry on the whole.

Task 2. Answer the following questions:

Задание 2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. Where was the attention mainly focused on the military or industrial needs?

2. Where did they pay more attention to the development of computers for civil and later personal use?

3. What was a final stage?

4. Why was the situation in Ukraine complicated?

Task 3. Match the English words given below with their Russian equivalents:

Задание 3. Соотнесите следующие ключевые слова с соответствующим переводом:

• a computer science • a computer development • personal use • a Ministry of Electronic Industry • an elaboration • microprocessor equipment

• Министр Электронной Индустрии • разработка • информатика • компьютерное развитие • персональное использование • микропроцессорное оборудование

Task 4. Find the sentences with the words and word — combinations given below in the text:

Задание 4. Найдите в тексте предложения, содержащие нижеследующие слова и выражения:

1. the Ukrainian computer development;

2. a development of computers for civil use;

3. to put into production;

4. a field of microprocessor equipment;

5. cybernetic;

6. a computer - building industry;

Task 5. Complete the following sentences corresponding to the contents of the text:

Задание 2. Закончите предложения:

1.... of talented scientists and inventors in both of them.

2. It also should be noticed in America they paid more attention to the development of.....

3. The next step that led to the further lag was... and putting into production the next.....

4. American elaborations in the field of.....

5. Another interesting aspect of the Ukrainian computer development was...

6. At the time when the computer science was....

Task 6. Say whether the statements given below are true or false:

Задание 6. Определите истинность или ложность следующих предложений:

1. At the time when the computer science is just uprising this two countries, where one of the most noticeably influential.

2. It also should be noticed that in America they paid more attention to the development of computers for civil and later personal use.

3. But in the Ukraine the attention was mainly focuses on the military and industrial need.

4. Of cause, later it went to the future, but nevertheless it played a negative role on the Ukrainian computer development.

5. But the situation in the Ukraine was complicated.

Task 7. Translate these sentences from Russian into English:

Задание 7. Переведите с русского языка на английский:

1. Информатика была введена в США и Украине, где была более влиятельной в различных сферах.

2. Много талантливых ученых и изобретателей создавали программное обеспечение.

3. Но ситуация на Украине была усложнена, с одной стороны, последствиями двух мировых воин и, с другой стороны, определенный период времени Кибернетика и Информатика не были признаны вообще.

4. Также было замечено, что в Америке уделяли больше внимания развитию компьютеров для гражданского и персонального пользования.

5. А на Украине внимание, главным образом, было сфокусировано на компьютеризации индустриальной сферы.

6. В США и Украине было и есть много талантливых ученых и изобретателей.

7. Покупка иностранных компьютерово — дин из последних шагов развития компьютеризации в Украине.

Task 8. Use “was” or “were”:

Задание 8. Вставьте “was” или “were”:

1. At the time when the computer science... just uprising this two countries... one of the most noticeably influential.

2. There... a lot of talented scientists and inventors in both of them.

3. But the situation in the Ukraine... complicated.

4. Cybernetics and Computer Science... not acknowledged.

5. But in the Ukraine the attention... mainly focused on the military and industrial needs.

6. Another interesting aspect of the Ukrainian computer development... the process of the 70s when "sovietizing" of the IBM-360 system became the first step on the way of weakening of positions achieved by the Soviet machinery construction the first two decades of its development.

7. The next step that led to the further lag... the mindless copying by the SU Ministry of Electronic Industry and putting into production the next American elaboration in the field of microprocessor equipment.

8. The natural final stage... buying in enormous quantities of foreign computers last years and pressing to the deep background our domestic researches, and developments, and the computer-building industry on the whole.

9. Another interesting aspect of the Ukrainian computer development.... the process of the 70s.

Task 9. Make the sentences negative and interrogative:

Задание 9. Преобразуйте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму:

1. It played a negative role on the Ukrainian computer development.

2. In America they paid more attention to the development of computers for civil and late personal use.

3. There were a lot of talented scientists and inventors.

4. The "sovietising" of the IBM-360 system was achieved by the Soviet machinery construction.

5. Last years the natural final stage was buying in enormous quantities of foreign computers.