LESSON 7

MODERN COMPUTER USAGE FOR KEEPING THE COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY HISTORY [1]

Task 1. Read and translate the text:

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Unfortunately, to restore the first electronic digital machines for the demonstration of their work is practically impossible. However with the aid of modern computers it is possible to show the operation of the separate devices. One of such demonstration complexes was created on the base of plotter “EC-7051M” and the personal computer, which works in the medium DOS. In the 1980 years this plotter was the device for input-output information in the computers of United System and worked under control of the special block. In the computer collection of Polytechnic Museum we have this block. In the correspondence with the comprised technical task the student of Moscow Institute Electronics and Mathematics had developed the schematic of joining this plotter with the personal computer, and then he assembled a new control unit on the basis of contemporary technological base. He wrote programs of control in the algorithmic language C ++ and demonstration programs, which made it possible to derive the images selected by user from the library. The first algorithmic language was FORTRAN (1955 year), and it's graphic application was language GRAFOR, created for fulfilling the graphic works at the end of 1960 years in the Institute of Applied Mathematics named after M. V. Keldysh.

In the exposition of the Electronic Digital Machines hall for the visitors of any categories can see the input-output of information from the computer and its fixation in the form of the drawings, different diagrams, graphs and tables on the paper with the aid of the plotter ES-7051. In the 70 years in Central Research Institute of Experimental Dwelling Projects the graphic mapping program ALGRAF was created. It made possible to automate designing of architectural and town-building objects. This program made it possible to present the work of an achitecter during the presence of the planning solutions of rooms and the work of an artist-designer during the search for the versions of complex forms and curved surfaces. Any visitor can perceive itself a little in their role.

Also in the exposition the dynamic stand of logic elements "Logical functions on the semiconductors" works under the control of the personal computer. Executed at the factory of museum in 1960 years, it was no longer subject to restoration. Now it is easy to explain during the excursions with its aid, as can be realized the basic logical functions on the basis of the use of semiconductors in the second generation computers. Now for any categories of visitors it is possible to demonstrate with PC the following slide-shows. Also with the aid of the contemporary multimedia computer it is possible to hear out the computer music.

The work accordinc to digitization of video films was done. The first 5 films are already enumerated: "Academician Lebedev", "Machine geometry and graphics" "Carved surfaces in automatization system" and others. This work is planned to be continued.

It is wonderfully to demonstrate the connection of nature, mathematics, computer technology and arts with the aid of the fraktal drawing. Fantastic patterns, FRAKTALS, carried out not possessing imagination computer, following the mathematical and artistic intention of the doctor of technical sciences, the chief researcher of Institute Information Transfer of Russian Sciency Academy Peter Nikolayev. The Computer seemingly sends point into the journey through the complex plane in accordance with some specific roles of the fulfillment of the operations on the complex numbers and obtains the whimsical band of ornament, which exits to the infinite depth. Among the variety of locks, spirals and eddies every time before us it is opened the picture of amazing beauty and appear many times the reduced copies of primordial Mandelbrot set.

In XXI century artistic software finds ever wider acceptance. During May 2002 year in Moscow the festival of media-art is passed "Software as the kind of art or artistic games with software". It was oriented to the skill, adequate to information society, to the activity, artistically and theoretically interpreting new reality, which can be enumerated. With the aid of modern multimedia PC it is possible to look over the work of participants in this festival, which demonstrated deep properties and qualities of programming. These works are executed with the use of contemporary, but most usual, i.e., widespread software. The Programmer-artist, who creates or who uses software "differently", is capable, at least to the period, to conquer commerce and to introduce skill into the spheres, in which its presence is not primordial provided. This usage of a computer with its multimedia possibilities makes it possible substantially to supplement and to expand the set of the themes, connected with the computer technology history without any limitations.

Task 2. Answer the following questions:

Задание 2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What were the first electronic digital machines like?

2. What was the first graphic program?

3. What are the most interesting items of the electronic digital machines exposition? (Describe them in great details).

4. What is fractal?

5. How can you describe the present day significance of software?

Task 3. Match the following Russian sentences given below with their English equivalents:

Задание 3. Соотнесите следующие предложения с соответствующим переводом:

1. В прошлом году мы проводили работу, согласно цифровым видеофильмам …. 2. Сейчас тоже некоторые категории посетителей имеют возможность … 3. К сожалению, восстановление первой электронной вычислительной машины ….. 4. Теперь, с помощью современных мультимедийных компьютеров …. 5. Первый язык алгоритма …..   6. В течение мая 2002 года в Москве на фестивале медиа-искусства …. 7.С помощью современных мультимедийных компьютеров …. 8. В XXI веке компьютерное искусство ….   9. Первые 5 фильмов уже записаны

1. Also with the aid of the contemporary multimedia computer.... 2. In XXI century artistic software.....   3. During May 2002 year in Moscow the festival of media-art.... 4. Too now for any category of visitors it is possible to.... 5. In last year we began to conduct work according to digitization of video films.... 6. The first 5 films are already enumerated.....   7. The first algorithmic language....   8. Unfortunately, to restore the first electronic digital machine.... 9. All works are executed with the use of contemporary....

Task 4. Find these words and word — combinations in the text:

Задание 4. Найдите в тексте предложения, содержащие нижеследующие слова и выражения:

• electronic digital machines

• separate devices

• input-output of information

• a personal computer

• logic elements

• a contemporary multimedia computer

• to expand the set of the themes

Task 5. Complete the following sentences corresponding to the contents of the text:

Задание 5. Закончите предложения:

1. It was oriented to the skill, adequate to information society …...

2.... is capable, at least to the period....

3. He had written programs of control in the....

4.... and the personal computer, which works in the medium DOS.

5.... and it's graphic application was language GRAFOR....

6.... a new control unit on the basis of contemporary technological base.

7. Now it is easy to explain during the excursions....

8.... of functioning of the rape perforator "ПЛ-150" …...

9. In the beginning 70 years in Central Research....

10. Among the variety of locks, spirals......

Task 6. Say whether the statements given below are true or false:

Задание 6. Определите истинность или ложность следующих предложений:

1. It is wonderfully to demonstrate the connection of nature, music, history, mathematics, computer technology and arts with the aid of the fractal drawing.

2. The 6 films are already enumerated, for example, "Academician Stepanov".

3. In XXI century mathematical software finds ever wider acceptance.

4. During May 2003 year in Moscow the festival of media - art is passed "Software as the kind of art or artistic games with software".

5. In the 1955 years this plotter was me device for input-output information in the computers.

6. The second algorithmic language was FORTRAN.

7. It is not important to note mat in the created demonstration complex in the base of plotter ES 7051.

8. Of course, in the exposition of the Electronic Digital Machines hall for the visitors of any categories we show the input-output of information from the computer.

9. Any visitor can perceive itself in their role.

10. Fantastic Patterns ПЛ - 150, carried out not possessing imagination computer.

Task 7. Make up the sentences:

Задание 7. Составьте предложения:

1. Polytechnic Museum, in, 1980, this, collection, we, the, of, haven't, block.

2. Electronic, in, we, Machines, for, visitors, of, the, show, of, any, Digital, the, categories, information, hall, the, input-output, of.

3. created, in, 1970, Central, of, the, graphic, the, beginning, Research, Projects, mapping, was, Institute, program, of, ALGRAF, Experimental, Dwelling.

4. the, self-producing, but, a, infinitely, beauty, whole, the, appears.

5. language, FORTRAN, the, was, year, first, 1955,algorithmic.

Task 8. Make the sentences negative and interrogative:

Задание 8. Преобразуйте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму:

1. Any visitor can perceive itself a little in their role.

2. In 1960 it was no longer subject to restoration.

3. In last year we began to conduct work according to digitization of video

films.

4. The 5 films are already enumerated.

5. In XXI century artistic software fills ever wider acceptance.

6. It is wonderfully to demonstrate the connection of nature, mathematics,

computer technology and arts with the aid of the fraktal drawing.

7.To restore the first electronic digital machines for the demonstration of their work is practically impossible.

7. In the computer collection of Polytechnic Museum we haven't this block.

8. Also in the exposition the dynamic stand of logic elements "Logical

functions on the semiconductors" works under control of the personal computer.

Task 9. Translate the sentences from Russian into English:

Задание 9. Переведите с русского языка на английский:

1. В зале экспозиции электронных вычислительных машин мы демонстрируем посетителям информацию о вводе-выводе компьютерной системы.

2. С помощью современного мультимедийного компьютера возможно прослушать компьютерную музыку.

3. С помощью современных компьютеров стало возможным продемонстрировать действие отдельных механизмов.

4. Первый язык алгоритма был «фортран».