| Функции
| Примеры
|
| 1. Подлежащее
После формального подлежащего it
| To save money is not easy.
It is important to obey the laws of the country.
|
| 2. Часть сложного подлежащего
(Complex Subject)
1) после глаголов say, believe, know, expect, think, state, announce etc.
2) после глаголов seem, appear, happen, prove, chance, turn out etc.
3) после прилагательных (un) likely, certain, sure etc.
|
She is said to have completed the experiment.
He proved to be a good engineer.
He is sure to be awarded a prize for his scientific research.
|
| 3. Часть составного глагольного сказуемого
1) с модальными глаголами
2) с глаголами, характеризующими протекание действия begin, start, continue, cease, would, used to etc.
|
You ought to fulfill the task on time. She’s started to plan her business career.
She used to work in this laboratory.
|
| 4. Дополнение
1) после глаголов want, wish, decide, aim, fail, hurry, manage, offer, prepare, refuse, try, struggle, hesitate, afford, attempt, deserve, hate, love, like, prefer, plan, ask, choose, hope, promise, remember, forget etc.
2) после прилагательных и причастий: glad, pleased, happy, sorry, able, afraid, ready etc.
|
We were asked to speak to the manager.
He can’t afford to buy new equipment.
I am ready to report the obtained data.
|
| 5. Часть сложного дополнения
(Complex Object)
1) после глаголов want, wish, like, would like, need, prefer, consider, believe, know, think, prove, suppose, expect etc. (с to)
2) после глаголов чувственного восприятия hear, feel, see, watch, notice etc. (без to).
|
I want you to help mewith the assignment.
We often see scientists move from one field of research into another.
|
| 6. Определение
(инфинитив стоит после определяемого слова)
Инфинитив в функции определения часто встречается также после слов: the first, the second, the third, the last
| The problem to consider next is concerned with the ionization of gases.
He is always the first to come to the university.
|
| 7. Обстоятельство
1) цели (инфинитив стоит в начале и в конце предложения с союзами in order to, so as (to)
2) следствия (инфинитив стоит в конце предложения, и ему часто предшествуют слова: enough, too, sufficient, sufficiently)
|
(In order) to understand the phenomenon the laws of motion should be considered.
Some people are too proud to admit that they don’t know.
|
| 8. Вводный член предложения
(обычно стоит в начале предложения, всегда выделяется запятыми: to tell the truth, to begin with, to sum up, to be sure, to make a long story short, to put it simply, to say the least, to be honest etc.
|
To be honest, I am not yet ready with my research.
To begin with, no general method will be given here.
|
