Weather and seasons

EXERCISES

1. Read and memorize the fallowing words:

rainfall ['reinfͻ:1] злива

e.g. In May we have heavy rainfalls.

snowfall ['snoufͻ:l] снігопад

e.g. There are sometimes snowfalls in winter.

rainbow ['reinbou] веселка

e.g. In summer we can see a rainbow.

weather ['weðǝ] погода

weather forecast I'weðǝ 'fͻ:kα:st] прогноз погоди

e.g. What is the weather forecast?

drop [drͻp] крапля; капати, опускатися, падати

e.g. Rain is water falling in drops from the clouds,

dew [dju:] роса

e.g. The flower is covered with dew.

flood [flʌd] заливати, затопляти; виходити з берегів

e.g. Heavy rains may ruin crops and flood houses.

humidity [hju:'miditi] вологість

e.g. What is the humidity today?

change [tʃeindʒ] змінюватися

e.g. The weather in Britain changes very quickly.

season [si:zn] пора року

e.g. The year is divided into four seasons: spring, sum­mer, autumn and winter, awaken [ǝ'weikǝn] прокидатися, пробуджуватися

e.g. In spring nature awakens from its winter sleep,

affect [ǝ'fekt] впливати

e.g. The weather affects the lives of all of us.

depend (upon) [di'pend] залежати (від)

e.g. The weather depends upon season we live in.

sow [sou] сіяти

e.g. The farmers begin to sow fields in spring,

blossom ['blͻsǝm] квітнути, розквітати

e.g. The fruit trees begin to blossom in April,

cover ['kʌvǝ] вкривати

e.g. The skies are covered with heavy clouds.

2. Learn the following word-combinations:

all sorts of weather різна погода

(to) predict the weather прогнозувати погоду

(to) clear up прояснюватися

(to) get colder холоднішати

(to) get milder теплішати

(to) cover with hoar-frost вкривати інеєм

sunrays сонячні промені

icy-sheet крига

(to) drop to zero падати до нуля

(to) pick mushrooms (berries) збирати гриби (ягоди)

(to) gather flowers рвати квіти

Indian summer «бабине» літо

a river beach річковий пляж

Thunderstorm is coming. Наближається гроза,

It's sprinkling (drizzling). Мряка.

It's pouring down rain. Злива.

It's raining cats and dogs. Ллє як з відра.

I am wet to the skin. I am wet through. Я змок до нитки.

3. Fill in the blanks with the necessary words in brackets:

1. It is cold.... (inside, outside, around) You must put on warm things if you want to go for a walk. 2. In this part of our country the weather is.... (possible, consider­able, changeable) 3.... the rain the people continued their work, (according to, as well as, in spite of) 4. We can use this... for construction, (sea, sand, wind) 5. Some people may be glad to see a heavy... because they want to go skiing, (snowfall, snowstorm, rainfall) 6. The weather... the lives of all of us in many ways, (influence, affect, impact)

4. Complete the following sentences:

1. In spring nature awakens from.... 2. Rain is water falling in.... 3. The weather depends upon.... 4. In spring the trees begin to bud and tiny green leaves.... 5. The year is divided into.... 6 The weather affects the lives of....

5. Translate into English:

1. Наближається гроза. 2. Минула зима була сувора. 3. Чи не знаєте ви прогнозу погоди на завтра? 4. Весна починається в березні і закінчується у травні. 5. Ллє як з відра. Я змок до нитки. 6. Навесні поля вкриваються зеленню. 7. Яка сьогодні температура? — Температура впала до нуля.

6. Give synonyms to the words in bold type:

1. What do you wear to protect yourself against the rain? 2. What kind of weather do you like? 3. Puddle is a small dirty pool on a road. 4. From October to April the weather is rather cold. 5. The British Isles are situated in the temperature zone between the parallels on which Kyiv is situated.

7. Read and dramatize the following dialogues:

A: It's a nice day today, isn't it?

В: Oh, yes. It's a lovely day. It's a nice weather we're having. It's a pleasant change after all that rain we had last week.

* * *

A: Lovely day today, isn't it?

B: Oh, yes, it's a fine day! There isn't a cloud in the sky.

The sun is shining brightly.

A: And the morning was so dark and cloudy. It looked like rain.

В: Yes, but you can never tell.

***

A: What is the weather like today? В: It is fine today. It's sunny, but it is cold for April.

A: What is the temperature?

B: It's about 2 °C (two centigrades).

A: Yes, you are right. The weather is too cold for this part of the country.

B: What colour is the sky? Are there any clouds in it?

A: The sky is blue. There are no clouds in the sky.

* * *

A: It's getting more and more cloudy. Do you think it's going to rain?

B: Yes, I think so. Oh, it's starting to rain! And the wind is getting stronger!

A: Get under my umbrella, please.

B: Oh, thank you. It's raining cats and dogs.

A: Yes, it's awful. I hate when it rains. Why haven't you put on a raincoat?

B: Well, I could have taken my umbrella, but I didn't. The weather looked fine when I was going out. Do you think it'll clear up soon?

A: It may... But the forecast for today was "rain the whole day".

* * *

A: What's the weather like now? You've been outside to­day.

B: It's abominable weather.

A: What do you mean by "abominable weather"?

B: Well,it's drizzling and it's foggy, cold and slippery.

* * *

A: It's cold and frosty today, isn't it?

B: Oh, yes. I am simply freezing. Especially when the wind is blowing. It must be the coldest winter you've ever had.

A: You say the coldest? And what's the temperature to­day?

B: It's about 25 degrees below zero, as the weather fore­cast says.

A: In winter the temperature here may be as low as 40 degrees below zero.

B: 40 degrees of frost! Oh, you don't say.

12. Complete the following dialogues:

A: What a nasty day today!

B: ...

A: I hate when it rains.

B: ...

A: What's the weather forecasf for tomorrow?

B: ...

A: What a pity! I shan't be able to go fishing.

13. Make up your own dialogues using the following word and word-combina-tions:

weather; nasty; cold; wind; to blow; low clouds; to rain hard; to hurry along the streets; to get wet; passers-by; to carry an umbrella; deep in autumn; dull; to be caught in the rain; to keep the rain out; weather forecast for today.

14. Read and retell the text:

SEASONS

The year is divided into four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winter. Each season has three months.

Spring begins in March and ends in May. In spring, nature awakens from its winter sleep. The trees are filled with new life, the earth is warmed by the rays of the sun, and the weather gets gradually milder. The fields and the meadows are covered with fresh green grass. The blossoms on the fruit-trees come out, filling the air with fragrance. The woods and forests are filled with twitter in the trees. Spring is the revival of nature.

The three summer months are June, July and August. In summer the weather gets warmer still and sometimes it is very hot. The days are long and the nights are short and warm. It's the farmer's busy season. The grass must be cut and the hay must be made, while the dry weather lasts. Sometimes the skies are covered with heavy clouds. There are storms with thunder, lighting and hail.

Autumn is the season of harvesting. Apples, pears and other fruits are ripening in our orchards. The days get shorter and the nights longer. The woods turn yellow and brown, leaves begin to fall from the trees and the ground is covered with them. The skies are grey and it rains very often.

Winter lasts for three months: December, January and February. In winter the sun shines rarely. It rises late and sets early. The temperature is low. We are obliged to spend more time indoors because out-of-doors it's cold. Lakes, rivers and streams are frozen, the roads are sometimes covered with slippery ice or deep snow. The trees are bare. Winter is the season of preparatory work in agriculture.

15. Read and translate the text: