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Imagine that you are in these situations. For each situation, write a sentence with I wish
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You've eaten too much and now you feel sick.
You say: I wish I hadn't eaten so much.
1. There was a job advertised in the newspaper. You decided not to apply for it. Now you think that your decision was wrong.
You say: I wish I__
2. When you were younger, you didn't learn to play a musical instrument. Now you regret this.
You say:__
3. You've painted the gate red. Now you think that it doesn't look very nice.
You say: __
4. You are walking in the country. You would like to take some photographs but you didn't bring your camera.
You say: __
5. You have some unexpected guests. They didn't tell you they were coming. You are very busy and you are not prepared for them.
You say (to yourself): __
12. What do you say in these situations? Write sentences with I wish... would...
It's raining. You want to go out, but not in the rain.
You say: I wish it would stop raining.
1. You're waiting for John. He's late and you're getting impatient.
You say (to yourself): I wish ---
2. You can hear a baby crying and you're trying to study.
You say: __
3. You're looking for a job - so far without success. Nobody will give you a job.
You say: I wish somebody__
4. Brian has been wearing the same clothes for years. You think he needs some new clothes.
You say (to Brian): __
For the following situations, write sentences with I wish... wouldn't....
5. Your friend drives very fast. You don't like this.
You say (to your friend): I wish you __
6. Jack always leaves the door open. This annoys you.
You say (to Jack): __
7. A lot of people drop litter in the street. You don't like this.
You say: I wish people __
13. Are these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong.
1. I wish Sarah would be here now.
2. I wish you would listen to me.
3. I wish I would have more money.
4. I wish it wouldn't be so cold today.
5. I wish the weather would change.
6. I wish you wouldn't complain all the time.
7. I wish everything wouldn't be so expensive.
Unit 11. Reported speech
Speech
Direct Indirect (reported)
Words that are actually spoken
 He says, “ I want to go home ”
| To tell someone else of what happened and to report someone’s words.
 She said she had gone to the cinema with Mark.
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| When we use reported speech the main verb of the sentence is usually past (she said..., I asked...., we told....etc.). | |
| How to form and how to use reported speech | |
| When we use reported speech, we usually make changes to the tense of the verb, to pronouns and to time adverbs. These changes are as follows: |
| Direct speech | Reported speech | |||
| Tenses: Present Simple She said, “ Iwake up at 5 every day” Present Continuous He said, “ Iam waiting for you ” Present Perfect They said, “ Wehave already done it” Past Simple He said, “ Iwent abroad last year ” will She said, “ Iwill probably work in this company” can They said, “ Wecan finish it in time” must She said, “ Imust buy a new bicycle” mustn’t He said, “ Youmustn’t tell my uncle” may She said, “ Imay be late” | Past Simple She said (that) shewoke up at 5 every day. Past Continuous He said (that) hewas waiting for me. Past Perfect They said (that) theyhad already done it. Past Perfect He said (that) hehad gone abroad the year before. would She said (that) shewould probably work in that company. could They said (that) theycould finish it in time. had to She said (that) shehad to buy a new bicycle. was not to(for obligation) He said (that) Iwas not to tell his uncle. might She said (that) she might be late. | |||
| Pronouns: | ||||
| I we my our | he / she they his / her their | |||
| Time adverbs: | ||||
| today yesterday tomorrow last week ago now next year here this these tonight | then / that day the day before the next day / the day after the week before previously / before then / at the moment the following year there that those that night | |||
| We can also change the main verb of the sentence to express the meaning of the direct speech in the reported speech in a better way. | ||||
| Statements add agree She said, “You are right” - She agreed (that) I was right. answer He said, “I don’t know” - He answered (that) he didn’t know. explain know tell think understand | Commands tell advise offer order suggest | Questions ask ask wonder want to know | ||
| Commands | ||||
| Use the infinitive with to to report a command. | ||||
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| Questions | ||||
| General questions | Special questions | |||
| Use if and the direct word order to report a general question. She asked her friend, “Do youlike tea?” - She asked her friend ifheliked tea. | Use the wh-word and the direct word order to report a special question. He asked her, “What doyouknow about this country?” - He wondered what sheknew about that country. She asked her colleague, “Why did you travel by sea last year?” - She wanted to know why her colleague had travelled by sea the previous year. | |||
Let’s practice
1. Change the following sentences from DIRECT into REPORTED SPEECH:
He said, “I will be here at noon.”- He said that he would be here at noon.
1. Mary said, “The train will probably arrive on time.”
2. He said, “I have to finish this report by five o’clock.”
3. The doctor said, “Mr. Smith will improve quickly.”
4. William said to me, “I am leaving in the morning.”
5. The teacher said, “Everyone has to write a composition.”
6. John said, “I saw that movie on Wednesday.”
7. Helen said, “I have read that book.”
8. Mary said to John, “I cannot go to the movie with you.”
9. John said, “I have finished studying my lesson.”
10. Mary remarked, “John speaks English well.”
11. William said to me, “I will not see Mr. Jones until Tuesday.”
12. Mr. Smith said, “I will refuse their offer.”
13. John said, “I certainly hope it won’t rain tomorrow.”
14. Henry said, “I can meet them later.”
15. The boy said, “I am only eight years old.”
16. She said to me, “The lights have gone out.”
17. The man said, “The telephone is out of order.”
18. He said, “I will never speak to her again.”
19. I said to the clerk clearly, “I have already paid that bill.”
2. Report the following. Begin each sentence with ‘ She said...’:
‘I will see you at the meeting’. - She said she would see me at the meeting.
1. ‘My grandmother can walk to school without worrying about traffic’.
2. ‘You must come to tea sometime!’
3. ‘You are not supposed to talk in here’.
4. ‘You must remember to recycle the rubbish’.
5. ‘You mustn’t smoke in the restaurant’.
6. ‘If I were mayor, I’d make public transport free’.
7. ‘If the children picked up the rubbish regularly, I’d pay them’.
3. Use other verbs where possible to convey the meaning of the sentences below:
1. ‘What about going to Crete this year for our holiday?’ Tina said.
2. ‘I will always love you, Daphne!’ Fred said.
3. ‘I’ve made up my mind – I am going to take the job, but I am not keen!’ Colin said.
4. ‘It can’t be helped. I know you didn’t mean to drop it,’ my mother said.
5. ‘Leave that window shut. We don’t want to catch a cold,’ the old man said.
6. ‘That’s my book you’ve got in your school bag!’ Rose said.
7. ‘I’ll go out if I want to!’ my brother said.
8. ‘I’ve got no intention of going by train, thank you very much,’ Lucy said.
4. Write sentences about Jane’s trip to Paris:
We’re taking the nine o’clock plane. - Jane told me they were taking the nine o’clock plane.
1. ‘I’ll have to get up early’. - She said …………………
2. ‘I don’t really like traveling by air’. - She told me …………
3. ‘But it’s the easiest way to travel’. - But she decided ……………………………………………………
4. ‘We’re going to spend a week in Paris’. - She told me …………………………………………………..
5. ‘I want to go up the Eiffel Tower’. - She said……………
6. ‘We’ve been to Paris before’. - She told me ……………
7. ‘But we didn’t see everything’. - But she said …………….
8. ‘I’ll send you a postcard’. - She said …………
9. ‘But I won’t write you a letter’. - But she told me …………………………………………………………
10. ‘I’m very excited!’ - She said………………………
11. ‘We’ll be in Paris tomorrow!’ - The last thing she said was that ……………………………………………………
5. Work in pairs. Tell your partner about the most memorable trip in your life. Then report your partner’s words to other groupmates.
6. Here are some ‘strange’ media quotes. Report them making all necessary changes:
1. ‘We are unable to report the weather this evening, because we depend on weather reports from the airport, which is closed due to the bad weather. We don’t know whether we will be able to give you a weather report tomorrow, it depends on the weather”.
TV weather forecaster
2. ‘Traffic is very heavy at the moment, so if you are thinking of leaving now, you should set off a few minutes earlier’.
UK radio traffic report
3. ‘Smoking kills – if you are killed you’ve lost a very important part of your life’.
Anti-smoking campaigner
4. ‘For every fatal shooting, there are roughly three non-fatal attacks. Folks, this is unacceptable in America - we are going to do something about it’.
US President speaking about gun crime
5. ‘Most cars on our roads who have only one occupant who is usually the driver’.
BBC news reporter
6. ‘The streets of Philadelphia are safe, it’s only the people that make them unsafe’.
Police Chief of Philadelphia
7. Do you remember any funny or strange quotes of famous people? Can you report them?
8. Report the following general questions:
Examples: * “Are you busy?” he asked me.
He asked me IF I was busy.
* “Do you like banana?” he asked his friends.
He asked his friends IF they liked banana.
Do the same:
1. She asked, “Do you live with your family, Helen?”
2. He asked, “Can I borrow your pen, Linda?”
3. He asked me, “Does your uncle live in England?”
4. Mary asked Lucy, “Will you come to my party tomorrow?”
5. Mark asked, “Did you phone me last night, John?”
6. He asked, “Is this yours or mine, David?”
7. She always asked me, “Must you always ask me what I’m doing?”
8. The teacher asked, “Are you listening to me?”
9. Mary asked, “Do you want me to help you, Larry?”
10. The officer asked, “Are you a foreigner? Can you spell your name?”
9. Report the following special questions:
Examples: * “What is the time?” he asked.
He asked me what the time was.
* “Where do you live?” he asked Mary.
He wanted to know where Mary lived.
Do the same:
1. He asked, “How long does it take you to have lunch?”
2. He asked me, “What are you doing at the weekend?”
3. She asked, “Why are you late, Tom?”
4. My mother asked me, “Where is your umbrella?”
5. The secretary asked the man, “Who do you want to see, sir?”
6. The students asked, “What time does the bell ring?”
7. He asked Tom, “What kind of films do you like watching?”
8. The teacher asked the girl, “When do you have to be home?”
9. They always asked, “Why don’t you let my cat in?”
10. The passengers asked, “When did the last train leave?”
11. He asked, “What will you do tomorrow, Jane?”
10. Report the following imperative sentences:
Examples: * The teacher always says to us, “Study very hard.”
The teacher always tells us TO study hard.
* The teacher says, “Don’t talk in the class.”
The teacher tells us NOT TO talk in the class.
Do the same:
1. Woman to the porter: “Carry my suitcases.”
2. Policeman to a man: “Describe your car.”
3. Mother to the boy: “Don’t hurt yourself.”
4. The robber to the man: “Give me your money.”
5. Teacher to the student: “Give me your book.”
6. The man to us: “Don’t park here.”
7. Woman to her husband: “Don’t forget to take your key.”
8. Mr. Smith to her son: “Don’t put your books on this desk.”
9. Young man to the young woman: “Give me one of your photographs.”
10. The man to his son: “Hurry up! Don’t miss the bus!”
11. The woman to her daughter: “Tidy your room, don’t waste your time.”
11. Work in pairs. Ask each other to do something. Then tell other groupmates what you’ve been asked to do.
Example: ‘Give me your laptop, please’. - He asked me to give him my laptop.
12. Read the following extract from A. Christie’s novel “Sparkling cyanide”. Now close your books and try to tell your groupmates what you have read using reported speech and paying attention to the most important facts. If something is missed, they can help you:
‘Well, that’s excellent from our point of view, Miss Shannon,’ said the chief inspector. ‘And I can only hope that you will have seen something that may help us solve our problem.’
Christine shook her blonde head.
‘I’ve no idea who bumped the old boy off – no idea at all. He just took a drink of champagne, went purle in the face and sort of collapsed.’
‘Do you remember when he had last drunk from his glass before that?’
The girl reflected.
‘Why – yes – it was just after the cabaret. The lights went up and he picked up his glass and said something and the others did it too. Seemed to me it was a toast of some kind.’
The chief inspector nodded.
‘And then?’
‘Then the music began and they all got up and went off to dance, pushing their chairs back and laughing. Seemed to get warmed up for the first time.’
‘They all went together – leaving the table empty?’
‘Yes’
‘And no one touched Mr Barton’s glass.’
‘No one at all.’ Her reply came promptly. ‘I’m perfectly certain of that.’
‘And no one – no one at all came near the table while they were away.’
‘No one - except the waiter, of course.’
‘A waiter? Which waiter?’
‘One of the half-fledged ones with an apron, round about sixteen. Not the real waiter. He was an obliging litle fellow rather like a monkey – Italian I guess he was.’
‘And what did he do, this young waiter? He filled up the glasses?’
Christine shook her head.
Extra practice:
1. Yesterday you met a friend of yours, Charlie. Here are some of the things Charlie said to you:
1. I'm living in London now.
2. My father isn't very well.
3. Sharon and Paul are getting married next month.
4. Margaret has had a baby.
5. I don't know what Fred is doing.
6. I saw Helen at a party in June and she seemed fine.
7. I haven't seen Diane recently.
8. I'm not enjoying my job very much.
9. You can come and stay at my flat if you are ever in London.
10. My car was stolen a few weeks ago.
11. I want to go on holiday but I can't afford it.
12. I'll tell Ann I saw you.
Later that day you tell another friend what Charlie said. Use reported speech.
1. Charlie said that he was living in London at the moment.
2. He said that_
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