We have met for long. Мы встречаемся уже давно

Причастие II употребляется в функции:

1. Определения: а) (перед определяемым словом)

The written article was published in the previous journal. – Написанная статья, была опубликована в предыдущем номере журнала.

в) (после определяемого слова)

The article written by my friend was published in the previous journal. – Статья, написанная моим другом, была опубликована в предыдущем номере журнала.

2. Обстоятельства (причины и времени):

Caught red-handed Тоm could not deny anything. – Пойманный на месте преступления, Том не мог ничего опровергнуть.

В зависимости от выполняемой функции в предложении грамматической функции причастие II переводится на русский язык по разному: причастиями прошедшего и настоящего времени, глаголами в соответствующем времени и залоге, придаточными предложениями.

Причастие II также может употребляться в абсолютном причастном обороте (Nominative Absolute Participial Construction). Данный оборот состоит из двух частей. Первая часть выражена личным местоимением в именительном падеже или существительным в общем падеже, которое обозначает лицо, претерпевающее действие, выраженное причастием II, то есть второй частью конструкции. Данная конструкция переводится на русский язык соответствующим обстоятельственным предложением.

My sister having lost the key, we couldn’t enter the house. – Так как моя сестра потеряла ключи, мы не могли войти в дом.

1 Complete with to+verb. Use the verbs: do, not drive, go, learn, leave, not make, meet.

1. A Hi, I’m Dan.

B I’m Renata. Nice _______ you.

2. What do you want _________ this evening.

3. I need _________ to the bank. I don’t have any money.

4. Try _________ a noise. Your father’s asleep.

5. I’d really like _________ a new language.

6. Be careful _________ too fast on the way home.

7. She’s decided ________ her husband.

2. Match the sentence halves:

1. They want to go to Australia A to celebrate getting the job.

2. He’s going to have a party B to get some petrol.

3. You’ll need a visa C to book our tickets.

4. Don’t forget to phone the restaurant D to visit their family there.

5. I stopped at the garage E to tell them where we are.

6. She’s gone to the supermarket F to go to China.

7. I went to the travel agent’s G to book a table.

8. I’ll send them a text message H to get some food for tonight.

3. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the - ing

form or the infinitive (with or without to).

1. She left without ________ (say) goodbye.

2. Would you mind ________ (turn) your music down? I can’t concentrate.

3. Holly said I should ________ (learn) to do tai-chi to relieve stress.

4. Kamran’s just gone to the shop ________ (get) a newspaper.

5. I’ve given up ________ (try) to learn how to dance salsa – I’m hopeless!

6. Janice doesn’t seem ________ (enjoy) her job very much.

7. I love ________ (not / have) to get up at 5.30 a.m. any more.

4. Complete the sentences with a verb in the –ing form. Use the verbs: be, do, go, learn, remember, study, talk, teach.

1. I don’t really enjoy _________ exercise.

2. My mother’s very bad at ______ names.

3. ___________ teenagers is very hard work.

4. You can’t sing well without _________ to breathe properly.

5. My sister spends hours on the phone _______ to her boyfriend.

6. I hate ________ the first to arrive at parties.

7. _________ by train is cheaper than by plane.

8. I’ll go on ________ until dinner time.

5. Put the verbs in the –ing form or infinitive.

1. I like __________ to music. (listen)

2. _________ yoga is good for your health. (do)

3. We’ve decided __________ to the party. (not go)

4. We won’t take the car. It’s impossible _______. (park)

5. I’m not very good at ________ maps. (read)

6. You can borrow the car if you promise _________ slowly. (drive)

7. Have you finished __________ your homework? (do)

8. I don’t mind __________ but I hate _______. (cook; wash up)

6. Gerund or infinitive: match the sentence halves:

1. I don’t mind 5. He’s afraid of

2. He forgot 6. It’s difficult

3. She would love 7. Why don’t you try

4. I can’t afford 8. Being self-employed

a. applying to smaller companies?

b. can be hard work.

c. to tell the company he was getting married.

d. getting sacked.

e. to get a good job as soon as you finish university.

f. travelling a lot for my work.

g. to have more responsibility.

h. to accept a lower salary.