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CONDITIONALS: SUMMARY
Here is a chart to help you to visualize the basic English conditionals. Do
not take 50% and 10% figures too literally. They are just to help you.
probability | conditional | Example | time |
100% | zero conditional | If you heat ice, it melts. | Any time |
50% | first conditional | If it rains, I will stay at home. | future |
10% | second conditional | If I won the lottery, I would buy a car. | future |
0% | third conditional | If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a car | past |
First Conditional: real possibility
IF | condition | result |
present simple | WILL + base verb | |
If | it rains | I will stay at home. |
Second Conditional: unreal
possibility or dream
IF | condition | result |
past simple | WOULD + base verb | |
If I won the lottery | I would buy a car. |
Third Conditional: no possibility
IF | condition | result |
Past Perfect | WOULD HAVE + Past Participle | |
If | I had won the lottery | I would have bought a car. |
Zero Conditional: certainty
IF | Condition | result |
present simple | present simple | |
If | you heat ice | it melts. |
APPENDIX 12
GERUND
Active | Passive | |
Simple | Не likes tellingtales. | He likes being toldtales. |
Perfect | He is proud of having spokento this person . | He is proud of having been spoken to |
Gerund is used after:
as a result of besides in spite of by
in favour of without despite for
against what about instead of after
as well as how about on before
Gerund is used after expressions:
to be afraid of | to be interested in |
to be busy | to be responsible for |
to be engaged in | to be tired of |
to be fond of | to be used to |
to be good at | to be worth |
Gerund is used after certain verbs:
to avoid | to keep |
to admit | to like |
to burst out | To mind (в вопросит. и отриц. предлож.) |
cannot help | to need |
to consider | to postpone |
to deny | to practise |
to dislike | to prefer |
to excuse | to put off |
to forgive | to regret |
to give up | to remember |
to go on | to stop |
toinvolve | to try |
Gerund is used after verbs with prepositions:
to accuse of | to insist on |
to agree to | to look forward to |
to apologize for | to object to |
to approve of | to persist in |
to congratulateon | to prevent from |
to depend on | to rely on |
to dream of | to succeed in |
to feel like | to suspect of |
to give up the idea of | to thank for |
to inform of | to think of |
INFINITIVE
Дата публикования: 2015-09-18; Прочитано: 221 | Нарушение авторского права страницы | Мы поможем в написании вашей работы!