Future forms

	Future Simple	Future Continuous	Future Perfect	Future Perfect Continuous
When	tomorrow, next week, in a week	at 5 p.m., at noon, from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. all day long when I come back	by 5 o’clock, by Friday, by the end of the year	for two hours, for three months, when you come back, by the 1st of June
Affirmative sentence	I/you/she/he/it/ we/they will play	I/you/she/he/it/ we/they will be playing	I/you/she/he/it/ we/they will have played/written	I/you/she/he/it/ we/they will have been playing/writing
Negative sentence	I/you/she/he/it/ we/they will not (won’t) play	I/you/she/he/it/ we/they will not be (won’t be) playing	I/you/she/he/it/ we/they will not (won’t) have played/written	I/you/she/he/it/ we/they will not (won’t) have been playing / writing
General question	WillI/you/she/he/it/ we/they play?	Will I/you/she/he/it/ we/they be playing?	WillI/you/she/he/it/ we/they have played/written?	Will I/you/she/he/it/ we/they have beenplaying/writing?
Wh-question	What willI/you/she/he/it/ we/theyplay?	Whatwill I/you/she/he/it/ we/they be playing?	What will I/you/she/he/it /we/theyhave played/written?	What will I/you/she/he/it/ we/they have been playing/writing?
Present Continuous
this week at the weekend on Monday	fixed arrangements (plans) in the near future (definite time)	She is seeing her dentist this week
Present Simple
at 10.45 at 5 am	timetables	The train leaves at 3 o’clock
Going to
in one year, next week, tomorrow, soon, the day after tomorrow	1. actions intended to be performed in the near future (I’ve already decided to do it)	I am going to visit my parents on Saturday.
2. predictions about events when there is an concrete evidence that something is going to happen,-the situation makes it clear	The sky is absolutely dark. It is going to rain.
! Note: 'Will' is used instead of 'going to' when a formal style is required, particularly in the written language	The wedding will take place on May 8th. The ceremony will begin at 4 pm, followed by a meal and a big party.
Future Simple
tomorrow, today, later today, in five minutes, in two hours, in a year, on Monday, on Saturday afternoon, next …, week/month, this year, soon, I think, I don’t think, probably, perhaps, I expect, I am sure, I wonder, I believe, After hope we usually use present (will is also possible)	1. actions or predictions which may (not) happen in the future / predictions based onopinions, beliefs, intuition, knowledge, experience with words and expressions such as: probably, possibly, perhaps,(I'm) sure, (I) expect, (I) wonder I’m afraid, I think	I am afraid somebody will steal my new car. He will probablycome back tomorrow. I think, Sara will like the present you bought her. I predict that Congress will pass an anti-piracy law soon. I don't think he'll come tonight.
2. actions which we cannot control and will inevitably happen	Summer will be here soon
3. on-the-spot, spontaneous decisions	Oh, I’ve left the door open. I’ll go and shut it. Did you phone Lucy? – Oh, no! I forgot. I’ll phone her now.
4.request	Will you please help me to do my homework? Will you please turn the stereo down, I’m trying to concentrate.
5. promise	Thanks for lending me the money. I’ll payyou back on Friday.
6.threat	I'll tell your parents what you did. "I'll beback."
7. refuse	I’ve tried to give her advice but she won’t listen.
8. warning	Don’t be so noisy! Your Dad will get angry.
9. when the main verb is be even if we talk about planned events	I'll be in Athens tomorrow. I'll be at a conference next week.
Future Continuous
in one year, next week, tomorrow at 6	1. an activity that will occur in the future and continue for a certain period of time. We can specify the time when the activity is going to take place	Tom will be attending the conference next month. They'll be shopping all afternoon. I'll be working late at the office tonight. We'll be flying over the Atlantic Ocean for three hours. Tonight at 11 p.m. we will be dancing at the party.
2. actions that will be happening at a particular time in the future	Please, don't come at 9 o'clock. She'll be sleeping at that time.
3. things that we expect to happen in the usual course of events (the event is certain and will happen naturally)	I will be seeing Ann tomorrow at the office. (we work together) We will be meeting Mike at the festival this weekend.
4. in polite enquiries, when we wish to know what somebody's plans are (often followed by a request)	Will you be coming with me to the concert tonight? Will you be going to the post office today? Can you buy me an envelope?
!Note: We never use future forms in time and conditional clauses after: as long as, after, before, by the time, till/until, when(time conjunction), if(conditional), unless, in case, whenever, while, once, provided that (providing), suppose,/supposing, on condition that	Let’s buy more foodin caseJamescomes.(not:in caseJameswill come). If he has finished his project by tomorrow, I will be surprised.
	“If” meaning ‘whether’ especially after I don’t know, I doubt, I wonder etc. and when used as a question word – can be used with future forms	I doubt if they will holdtheir annual anniversary party this year.
Future Perfect
by the time, by next week, by then, by next year, by the year 2020	1. to express an action that will be completed in the future (usually before another action or event in the future)	I will have accomplished the task by the time my colleague returns. She will have cooked dinner by the time her husband repairs the car. Tina will have washed the dishes. By the time you arrive, my foreign guests will have left. He will have written his report. By the time we get to the cinema the movie will have started.
2. actions that will be completed before (by) a specific time in the future or before another action in the future	The student will have passed his exam by Friday. I will have finished the writing by midnight. By next January I will have lived here for 10 years. By 10 o'clock I will have finished the translation. By the end of the month we will have finishedthe course. They will have known each other for eight years this June.
Future Perfect Continuous	duration of an action up to a certain time in the future	By the end of the year I will have been working on this book for a year.

“Shall” is rarely used to indicate future action in modern English. It is commonly used in sentences with ”I” or “we” and is often found in suggestions such as “Shall we go?”

Shall is alive and well when it comes to questions posed in the first person (i.e., with I and we). For example:

• What shall we talk about?
• Shall I open the window?

It is interesting to know:

In many requirement specifications, particularly involving software, the words shall and will have special meanings. Most requirement specifications use the word shall to denote something that is required, while reserving the will for simple statement about the future (especially since "going to" is typically seen as too informal for legal contexts). However, some documents deviate from this convention and use the words shall, will, and should to denote the strength of the requirement. Some requirement specifications will define the terms at the beginning of the document.

Shall and will are distinguished by NASA and Wikiversity as follows:

• Shall is usually used to state a device or system's requirements. For example: "The selected generator shall provide a minimum of 80 Kilowatts."
• Will is generally used to state a device or system's purpose. For example, "The new generator will be used to power the operations tent."

On standards published by International Organization for Standardization (ISO), IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission), ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), requirements with "shall" are the mandatory requirements, meaning, "must", or "have to". The IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) defines shall and must as synonymous terms denoting absolute requirements, and should as denoting a somewhat flexible requirement.

A clause is a grammatical struc­ture which has a subject and a verb. A "time clause" begins with such words as when, before, after, as soon as, until, These words may be followed by a subject and verb: When he comes, we will see him. When + subject + verb = time clause   A future tense is not used in a time clause. The meaning of the clause is future, but the simple present tense is used.	· Bob will come soon. When Bob comes, we will see him. · Linda will leave soon. Before she leaves, she is going to finish her work. · I will get home at 5:30. After I get home, I will eat dinner. · The taxi will arrive in less than five minutes. As soon as the taxi arrives, we will be able to leave for the airport. · They are going to come soon. I will wait here until they come.
Occasionally, the present perfect is used in a time clause. The present perfect stresses the completion of the act in the time clause before the other act occurs in the future.	· I will go to bed after I finish my work. · I will go to bed after I have finished my work.

Grammar Exercises