In 1812 Polish biochemist Casimir Funk (to isolate) a complex of micronutrients and named them “vitamines”

Exercise 13.Change the sentences as in the model (using Passive Voice instead of Active Voice): Model: Enzymes need copper for metabolizing. – Copper is needed by enzymes for metabolizing.

1. Iron delivers oxygen to the body’s cells.

2. Vitamins and minerals strengthen each other.

3. The skin creates vitamin D when it is exposed to sunlight.

4. The body absorbs iron through the help of vitamin C.

5. Polish scientist Casimir Funk made up a combination word "vitamine" from vital and amine.

6. Medical men used lipid from fish oil to cure rickets during the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

7. In 1881, Russian surgeon Nikolai Lunin studied the effects of scurvy.

8. Japanese scientist Umetaro Suzuki isolated the first vitamin complex in 1910.

Exercise 14. Translate the sentences into English:

1. Шкіра сама виробляє вітамін D д впливом сонця.

2. Вітамін К виробляєтся кишковими бактеріями.

3. Кальцій та фосфор будують кістки та зуби.

4. Наша дієта не завжди містить усі необхідні вітаміни та мінерали.

5. Йод допомогає щитоподібній залозі працювати належним чином.

6. Калій допомогає підтримувати баланс рідини у клітинах.

7. Жиророзчинні вітаміни слід приймати перед їжею.

8. Харчові добавки не слід вживати як заміну здорової їжі.

Exercise 15. Put the sentences into the correct order to explain the term “mineral”:

__For example, the body absorbs iron through the help of vitamin C and vitamin D helps the body absorb phosphorus and calcium.

__Minerals are essential for the nutrition of humans, animals, and plants.

__A mineral is an inorganic element, such as calcium, iron, potassium, sodium, or zinc.

__Vitamins and minerals not only help the body function, but they work to strengthen each other.

__There are 20 minerals, which play significant roles in the body.

Завдання для самостійної роботи студентів (СРС)

I. Перекладіть словосполучення: зовнішні джерела приймати після їжі бути заміною здорової дієти допомагати скороченню м’язів у формі порошку якщо не вказано інакше вживати синтетичні вітаміни вироблятися кишковими бактеріями ізольовані вітаміни харчові добавки   II. Дайте відповіді на питання: Which minerals play a significant role in human beings? What is zinc responsible for? What does iron do in the body? What is the ideal source of vitamins and minerals? In which case do nutritional supplements work best?   III. Розкрийте поняття: Мінерал

Healthy Food

Exercise 1. Topic vocabulary:

beneficial, adj	[beni'fi∫(ə)l]	вигідний, корисний
break down, v	[breik daun]	розбиватися
carbohydrate, n	[ka:bə'haidreit]	вуглевод
combustion, n	[kəm'bΛst∫(ə)n]	окислення, горіння
complicate, v	[ 'kɔmplikeit]	ускладнювати
composition, n	[kəmpɔ'zi∫(ə)n]	склад
digest, v	[dai'dƷest]	перетравлювати (їжу)
enable, v	[i'neibl]	давати змогу
fat, n	[fæt]	жир
fuel, n	[fj:uəl]	паливо
foodstuff, n	['fu:dstΛf]	продукти харчування
maintain, v	[mein'tein]	підтримувати,зберігати
matter, n	[´mætə]	речовина
repair, v	[ri'pεə]	відновлювати
wear out, v	[´wεə ´aut]	зношуватися

Exercise 2. Guess the meaning of the following words without using a dictionary:

Building, material, activity, produce, energy, constantly, mineral, salt, regulator, nature, absorb, diet, fruit, vegetable, protein, vitamin, organic, inorganic.

Exercise 3. a) Read and translate the following word combinations:

Activity: increasedactivity, mental activity, electrical activity, illegal activity, to stimulate activity

Repair: to repair easily, to try to repair, emergency repair, structural repair, vital repair, to make repair

Substance: harmful substance, poisonous substance, natural substance, pure substance, soluble substance, medicinal substance, to contain substance

Matter: complicated matter, living matter, sensitive matter, personal matter, important matter, legal matter, urgent matter

b) Make up short sentences using the above given word combinations:

Exercise 4. Read and translate the following word combinations:

Essential needs of the body, repair and growth of the tissues, extra building material, fuel supplies, essential foodstuffs, tissue activity, to produce the energy, living thing, digestive juices, blood stream, complicated compounds, plant and animal matter, to enter into the composition, saturated fat, to maintain diet.

Exercise 5. Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to Infinitives:

1. To be of use to the body foodstuffs must be digested and absorbed.

2. Other substances are necessary to enable the tissues to use the building materials.

3. Fuel is required to maintain the heat at which the individual exists.

4. Extra building material is required to build up the new tissue.

5. N.I.Pirogov was the first to use ether as anesthesia during operations.

6. To identify the virus serologic tests were made.

Exercise 6. Read and translate the text:

Food

Foodis one of the essential needs of the body. All food is made up of nutrients which our bodies use. Substances which can serve as food for the body are those which it can use either as fuel for combustion, building material for the repair and growth of the tissues, and regulators of body activity. Fuel is required to produce the energy for the activities of every living thing and to maintain the heat at which the individual exists. Building materials are necessary to repair the body tissues, since they are constantly active and being worn out by their activities; in addition, in infants and children, extra building material is required to build up the new tissues needed for the processes of growth. Fuel supplies and building materials alone are, however, not enough. The vitamins and certain salts act as regulators of tissue activity.

There are six essential foodstuffs with which the body must be constantly supplied through the foods that we eat. These are:

1. Proteins.

2. Carbohydrates— i.e., starch and sugar.

3. Fats.

4. Water.

5. Mineral salts.

6. Vitamins.