Table 12

Main clause	Object clause
Sb wish (es) Wished ‘ll wish	Sb were+…/had been+… (sth) did/had done were doing/had been doing

Form=positive	Implication=negative
I wish you were more strict with your child. I wish you had been more strict with your child. I wish you worked hard upon your grammar. I wish you had worked hard upon grammar last year I wish you were working hard. I wish you had been working during the year.	You are not strict enough with your child. You were not strict enough with your child, so now he is so disobedient. You do not work hard enough, your results are poor. You did not work hard enough last year and do not know the material You are not working hard enough, and do not make progress. You were not working during the year, and “cramming” before the exam does not help, you get a poor mark.

Form=negative	Implication=positive
I wish you were not so upset. I wish you hadn’t been so upset. I wish you did not work so hard. I wish you had not worked so hard this month. I wish you were not working so hard.	You are so upset, do cheer up, please. You were so upset then that did not notice your mistake. You work too hard, you may get too tired to work properly. You worked too hard this month, got exhausted and now can not work at all. You are working too hard, you may get too tired to work properly.

Exercise 10 Paraphrase the sentences, explaining their implication as in the examples above.

1.I wish we had not met that way.

2.I wish that I had ever had such an experience.

3.I wished I had rung you up.

4.She’ll wish she knew about it.

5.They wish they could go there.

6.Tom wished he were there, with his brother.

7.She wished she could see more.

8.I wish I could trust you.

9.You will wish you had not missed that class.

10.He will wish he had not written that letter.

Exercise 11 Use the corresponding mood instead of the infinitive in brackets.

1.I wish you (buy) that dress. It (suit) you.

2.I wish you (ring) up me yesterday. I (have) something to tell you, it was very important, and I (wait) for your call.

3.I wish you (get) your remarks before. I (take) them into consideration, now my work (be) better.

4.I wish you (learn) the words better, you (can) translate the article without a dictionary.

5.I wish he (come) here. If you try to persuade him he (agree) to participate in the meeting.

Exercise 12 Answer the following questions using forms of the Past subjunctive after an expression of wish.

Example Have you been here before? No, I only wish I had.

Did he know her at all well? No, he only wished he did.

1.Is the car waiting for you?

2.Have you done the washing up?

3.Do you know the subject well?

4.Is she fond of you?

5.Did you buy this record when you were in Leningrad?

6.Has the baby gone to sleep?

7.Do you live in Leningrad?

8.Have they marked the papers?

9.And have you enough time for cinema and such?

10.Is your mother-in-law staying with you?

Exercise 13. Express your regret or disappointment about the events described in the following statements. The expressions in parentheses may provide cues for your speech.

Example Mary made some spelling mistakes in the last dictation,(prepare for the dictation better, be more attentive, work harder.)

I wish Mary had prepared for the dictation better.

She herself wishes she had been more attentive, the teacher wishes she would work harder.

1.Jane has refused to come to the party.

(Accept the invitation, change her mind, not to be busy on the day of the party).

2.I thing the text is difficult.

(be another, contain fewer new words, be more attentively)

3.The book describes only the geography of the country.

(contain information about its history and development, describe the customs of the people, etс)

4.Ann cut her finger.

(be more careful, not to bleed so much)

5.Our team lost the first game.

(win the game, play more actively, do their best, not to feel so upset about it, try not to repeat their mistakes)

Exercise 14. Explain the meaning of the proverbs, give their synonyms and Russian equivalents, memorize them and use in your own stories and dialogues, as well as forms of oblique moods.

1.Idle folks lack no excuses.

2.Things past can not be recalled.

3.It is the busiest man who has time to spare.

Forms of the Past Subjunctive (Subjunctive II) are used in object clauses after “ (sb) would rather”, as in: I’d rather we didn’t discuss her affairs without her. She’d much rather you had stayed.

Main clause	Object clause
Sb would rather had	(sb) did/had done were doing/had been doing

Exercise 15. Insert the appropriate form of Subjunctive II.

1.I’d rather something (happen) to clear the atmosphere.

2.Would you rather we (dine) quietly at home, just the two of us?

3.They’d much rather she (give) them a scolding and (be) done with it.

4.Would you rather we (help) you with the washing up?

5.I’d much rather you (not to buy) it?

6.I’d much rather you (tell no one)

Exercise 16. Paraphrase the sentences explaining their meaning.

Example I’d rather you went now.

I want/prefer/would like you to go now.

1.Would you rather we took a taxi?

2.Would you rather I hadn’t come?

3.I’d much rather we walked all the way to the station.

4.I saw she’d rather I didn’t mention her name.

5.It was clear that they’d rather nobody had mentioned the subject.

Exercise 21 Paraphrase the following sentences.

1.She doesn’t want you to tell her how to bring up her own child.

2.He is sorry you objected.

3.Mother doesn’t like us to interfere with the housework.

4.Do you want me to go at once?

5.Are you sorry I came?

6.I have such a headache. I’ll ask you not to play those records now.

Only the non-perfect forms of Subjunctive II are used in “It”-subject appositive clauses, the sentences begin with “It’s (high) (about) time…”Subjunctive IV are also found in this pattern.

Main clause	“It”-appositive clause
It’s time about time high time	They were here came (should come) (come)

Exercise 17. Use the corresponding mood form instead of the infinitive in brackets.

1.It’s high time the students (know) this story well.

2.It’s time you (bring) the book. You asked for it only for two days.

3.It’s about time they (translate) the article.

4.It’s time she (ring) me up. She promised to inform me about the result of the exam.

5.It’s high time they (make) all the necessary arrangements.

6.It’s high time you (know) the rules.

7.It’s time you (tell) them the truth.

Exercise 18. Expand the simple sentences into complex ones with “It”-subject appositive clauses.

Example It’s high time for him to be here.

It’s high time he were here.

1.It’s about time for you to start packing.

2.It’s high time for her to know all about it.

3.Isn’t it time to go to bed, young man?

4.It’s high time for him to be told about it.

5.Don’t you think it’s about time for the cake to be taken out?

6.It’s time for the governments to take measures to prevent