Table 4

Conditional clause	Main clause
If it had not rained Had not been raining Had been fine	I + would, should have We Gone for a walk   He not stayed indoors She +would have Started out at once You They

Exercise 1 Use the corresponding from of Subjunctive II instead of the infinitives in brackets.

1.If you (take) this book before, you would have translated the article.

2.If you (ring) up me yesterday, I should have told you about her arrival and you would have met her at the station.

3.If all the students (take) part in this work, everything would have been done long ago.

4.If everybody (come) yesterday, we should have considered that problem.

5.If I (know) about this I should have bought the tickets before.

6.If she (have) much work to do yesterday, she would not have gone to the cinema but would have stayed at home and worked.

7.If you (help) me to translate this article, I should have done it long ago.

8.If I (be) free yesterday, I should have joined your party.

Exercise 2 Use the corresponding form of Subjunctive III instead of the infinitives in brackets.

1. If she had brought the book the day before, I (be able) to look it through the conference.

2. If this reviewer who is considered to be quite an authority on the subject had expressed an unfavorable opinion of the poems, it (affect) the poet greatly.

3. If you had given me leave to act, I (do) my best to arrange the matters.

3. If I had shown the work to your tutor q week ago, he (be able) to revise it by now.

4. If you had got in touch with him he (render) you a service.

5. If I had not gone to the country for the week-end I (watch) the international sports events on TV.

6. If I had seen him yesterday I (tell) ham about that.

7. If I had used any other words, then my whole life and here (take) different courses.

Exercise 3. Use the corresponding mood form instead if the infinitive in brackets. Make the condition unreal.

1.I (not to tell) you if I (know) you’d carry on like this.

2.If only either of us (laugh) it (be) different.

3.If she (lie) to me, it (make) it unbearable.

4.I (not to change) places with him even if I (can)

5.If you (be) anybody else but Franklyn Blake, I (refuse) point-blank.

6.If it (not to be) for his friendship with Alan and Cora Baird, Ted (be involved) never.

7.”So you did not know I was a maid? If you (know) it, you (try) your belt on me”

8.She thought of her father. And clearly she realized that even if he (say) it was wrong she (not to believe) it. Lanny is not like the others.

Exercise 4 Go back to Ex. 5 (real condition). Make the condition unreal in the past and report the new statements in indirect speech. Make other changes if necessary.

Example “I’ll take a nap, if I’m tired.” Aunt Agatha said “ I should (would) havetaken a nap, if I had been tired.

Aunt Agatha said that she would have taken a nap if she had been tired.

Exercise 5 Change the following sentences as shown in the example.

Example The boys didn’t play tennis because it was windy.

If it hadn’t been windy, the boys would have played tennis.

1.Helen didn’t stay on after dinner because she was tired.

2.Mrs. Barton didn’t make an apple pie because Henry didn’t ask her to.

3.The children didn’t watch TV because their mother didn’t allow them to.

4.The girl was unhappy because her parents were displeased with her.

5.Mr.Allen didn’t cash the check because the bank was closed.

6.Bob introduced his friends to Anne as she didn’t agree with him.

7.Mr.Lane didn’t work in the garden as the weather was cold.

Exercise 6 Write condition sentences based on the given facts.

Example As you didn’t explain your problem to me, I wasn’t able to help you.

If you had explained your problem to me, I should have been able to

help you.

1.He didn’t give me his number, so I couldn’t telephone him.

2.As the sun was in the right direction the photographs came well.

3.The shop didn’t pack the goods properly, so they got damaged.

4.The Government raised taxes, so they were very unpopular.

5.He wasn’t able to answer all the questions so he didn’t pass the exam.

6.Many young people in Great Britain are unemployed and homeless so they go marching across the country and picketing.

Exercise 7 Write sentences like above basing your conditional clause on the given fact and adding a suitable main clause.

Example She didn’t take the medicine.

If she had taken the medicine, she would have felt much better.

1.He passed his exam.

2.We didn’t get there on time.

3.She didn’t read the book.

4.We understood what he was saying.

5.The rocket didn’t go into orbit.

6.She didn’t love him.

Exercise 8 Repeat the above exercise basing your main clause on the given fact and adding a suitable conditional clause.

Example She would have taken the medicine if the physician had prescribed itto her.

Exercise 9 Complete the sentences.

1.I would have enjoyed the party much more if…

2.It… if the sea hadn’t been so rough.

3.Would you have been able to come that Tuesday if…?

4.If you had taken my advice…

5.If I realized that you were serious in what you said…

6.If it hadn’t been for the fact that his father has influence…

7.If you had told me the truth in the first place…

Exercise 10 Answer the questions.

WHAT WOULD YOU HAVE DONE IF…

1…you had left your key at home?

2…a friend of yours had fallen ill?

3…you had not entered the institute?

4…you had not passed your last exam?

5…you had been deceived by your best friend?

6…you had known your friend was in trouble?

7…a person had some business to talk over with you?

Exercise 11 Ask similar questions and answer them.

NOTE Perfect forms can also be founding conditional sentences referring to present or future to show that the ection is utterly impossible (often because of some circumstances in the past) as in:

If the Potsdam Agreement had been carried out, there would have been no division (elite nazi troops) and no Germany army in the NATO allience. What a world of difference this would have been today. But the Agreement was broken almost as soon as it had been signer. (Morning Star)

Also in the following situation from “The Hired Man” by M.Bragg:

(John and his wife Ann came to an annual fair to get hired. Here they meet John’s brother Sam who suggests John’s working in the nearby mine, but John prefers field work and agrees to help Mr. Pennington and takes his luck-shilling. Later that day he changes his mind, but…)

“I can’t find Pennington-and his shilling’s binding. I must work for him!”

“I would have gone with you to the pits,” she said.

“No,” she said after the pause. “No. I thing I would have been miserable.”

“So,” it’s just as well, then, “John answered, finding some consolation in that.

Exercise 12 Make up dialogues using different mood forms.e.g. between two graduates of our department discussing their unrealized chances and prospects of future work after they have already got their appointments.

Exercise13 Tell your friend of what fun he could have had if he had joined you in your holiday hiking /weekend extrusion, est. You may begin with:

I’m awfully sorry you didn’t join our hiking during the holidays. You would have had the time of your life.

Exercise 14 Memorize the proverb, explain it’s meaning, suggest Russian equivalents and English synonimous expressions. Use it in situations/dialogue of your own

If my aunt had been a man, she would have been my uncle.

IV. MIXED TIME-SPHERE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

The time to which the condition (if - clause) end the consequence (main clause) refer need not be the same in both parts of the septence. There are two types of such sentences:

(A) The condition refers to the past and the consequence- to present or future, bense the mood forms.

(B) The condition refers to no particular time and the consequence- to the past, bense the mood forms.