B. 1. Translate the sentences

1. The properties of gold are different from those of iron. 2. The professor that lectures on mechanics is the dean of our faculty. 3. The question that was discussed at the meeting yesterday is of great importance. 4. He said that he would do his best to help them. 5. The work of the new device is much more efficient than that of the old one. 6. The problems of water supply in this city are as important as those of lighting. 7. That the Earth is round was unknown for a long time. 8. Not many scientists understood Einstein's discovery at that time. 9. That air and water pollution by industrialization is reaching dangerous levels is realized by everyone.

C. 1. Read thе tехt CIVIL ENGINEERING апd аnswer the following questons using: As is known, on the one hand, on the other hand, in fact.

1. What does the word engineering mean?

2. What are the main branches of engineering?

3. What are the fields of civil engineering?

The word "engineering" means the art of designing, constructing or using engines. Engineering is often defined as making practical application of theoretical sciences such as physics and mathematics. Many of the early branches of engineering were based not on science but on empirical information that depended on observation and experience. Engineering is divided into many branches. The most important of them are: civil, mechanical, military, electrical, marine, sanitary, mining and nuclear engineering. The term “civil engineering” was first used in the 18^th century. While the definition "civil engineering" dates back only two centuries, the profession of a civil engineer is as old as civilized life.

Up to about the middle of the 18^th century there were two main branches of engineering - civil and military. Later there came a remarkable series of mechanical inventions¹, great discoveries in electrical science and atomic energy. It led to differentiation² of mechanical, electrical, nuclear engineering, etc. This growth in the number of branches was continuing with the development of aerospace, petroleum and electronic engineering. Architecture had become a profession by itself.

In the oldest and widest sense³ the term "civil engineering" includes all non-military branches of engineering as it did two centuries ago. But in its narrower sense, civil engineering includes mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, metallurgical and mining engineering. Here are some fields of civil engineering: 1. Housing, agricultural and industrial construction. 2. Hydraulic engineering which includes the construction of dams and power plants. 3. The construction of railroads. 4. The construction of pavements and highways. 5. Structural engineering. 6. The construction of harbours and canals. The above enumeration will make clear the vast extent of the fields of civil engineering.

The functions of the civil engineer can be divided into three categories: those performed before construction (feasibility studies, site investigations and design), those performed during construction (dealing with clients, consulting engineers and contractors), and those performed after construction (maintenance and research).

Notes: 1. изобретения в области механики; 2. это привело к разделению

3. в самом широком смысле

D. Speak on the branches of engineering. Make use of the text and the following expressions: As far as I know, if you look at..., the text deals with..., there is more information on..., I should say, on the one hand, on the other hand, I should add, as is known, in fact