Ãëàâíàÿ Ñëó÷àéíàÿ ñòðàíèöà Êîíòàêòû | Ìû ïîìîæåì â íàïèñàíèè âàøåé ðàáîòû! | ||
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1. Grammar: Pronouns, prepositions
2. Translate the text: “The animator”
3. Speak on the topic: “Kazakhstan is my motherland”
1. Grammar: Pronouns, prepositions
Pronoun – åñ³ìä³ê
Åñ³ì ñөçäåðä³ң îðíûíà æүðåò³í ñөç òàáû åñ³ìä³ê äåï àòàëàäû.
Åñ³ìä³êòåð òîïòàðû:
1. Personal pronouns – òұëғàëûқ åñ³ìä³êòåð³
2. Possessive pronouns – òәóåëä³ê åñ³ìä³êòåð³
3. Reflexive pronouns – өçä³ê åñ³ìä³êòåð³
4. Demonstrative pronouns – ñ³ëòåó åñ³ìä³êòåð³
5. Interrogative pronouns – ñұðàó åñ³ìä³êòåð³
6. Relative pronouns – қàòûñòûқ åñ³ìä³êòåð³
7. Indefinite pronouns – áåëã³ñ³ç åñ³ìä³êòåð³
8. Negative pronouns – áîëûìñûç åñ³ìä³êòåð³
9. Reciprocal pronouns – îðòàқ åñ³ìä³êòåð³
1. Personal pronouns – æ³êòåó åñ³ìä³êòåð³
ѳçãå òàíûñ åñ³ìä³êòåð ò³ç³ì³:
I – ìåí | we – á³ç |
you – ñåí | you – ñåíäåð |
he – îë (åð àäàì) | they – îëàð |
she – îë (әéåë àäàì) | |
it – îë (æàíñûç çàò) |
Ƴêòåó åñ³ìä³êòåð³í³ң åê³ ñåïò³ã³ áàð:
àòàó æәíå òîëûқòàóûø.
Æîғàðûäà áåð³ëãåí åñ³ìä³êòåð àòàó ñåïò³ã³íäå òұð.
Îëàð ñөéëåìäå áàñòàóûø ðåò³íäå қîëäàíûëàäû.
Àë òîëûқòàóûø ñåïò³ã³ á³çãå æ³êòåó åñ³ìä³ã³í ñөéëåìí³ң òұðëàóñûç ìүøåñ³ ðåò³íäå қîëäàíàòûí áîëñàқ қàæåò.
Åãåð ìұíäàé æàғäàéғà қàçàқ ò³ë³íäå (àòàó ñåïò³ã³íåí áàñқà) 6 ñåïò³ê áîëñà, àë àғûëøûí ò³ë³íäå òåê á³ð òîëûқòàóûø ñåïò³ã³íå æèíàқòàëғàí:
He sees me. – Îë ìåí³ êөðåä³.
I give her a notebook. – Ìåí îғàí äәïòåð áåðåì³í.
Òîëûқòàóûø ñåïò³ã³íäåã³ æ³êòåó åñ³ìä³êòåð ò³ç³ì³:
me – ìåí³, ìàғàí, ìåí³ìåí | us – á³çä³, á³çãå, á³çáåí |
you – ñåí³, ñàғàí, ñåí³ìåí | you – ñåíäåðä³, ñåíäåðãå, ñåíäåðìåí |
him – îíû, îғàí, îíûìåí | them – îëàðäû, îëàðғà, îëàðìåí |
her – îíû, îғàí, îíûìåí | |
it – îíû, îғàí, îíûìåí |
2. Possessive pronouns – òәóåëä³ê åñ³ìä³êòåð³
Òәóåëä³ê åñ³ìä³êòåð³ ê³ìí³ң? äåãåí ñұðàққà æàóàï áåðåä³.
Òәóåëä³ê åñ³ìä³êòåð ò³ç³ì³:
my – ìåí³ң | our – á³çä³ң |
your – ñåí³ң | your – ñåíäåðä³ң |
his – îíûң | their – îëàðäûң |
her – îíûң | |
its – îíûң |
my book – ìåí³ң ê³òàáûì
your pencil – ñåí³ң қàðûíäàøûң
their friends – îëàðäûң äîñòàðû
Á³ðàқ áұë òәóåëä³ê åñ³ìä³êòåðä³ң á³ð³íø³ ôîðìàñû. Ìұíäà îëàð çàò åñ³ìí³ң àëäûíäà àíûқòàóûø ðåò³íäå òұð, ñîíäûқòàí îëàðäû òәóåëä³ê åñ³ìä³êòåð – ñûí åñ³ìäåð äåï àòàéäû.
Êåéäå îëàð çàò åñ³ìí³ң îðíûíà òұðàäû. Òәóåëä³ê åñ³ìä³êòåðä³ң ìұíäàé ôîðìàñûí
òәóåëä³ê åñ³ìä³êòåð – çàò åñ³ìäåð äåï àòàéäû.
Áұë åñ³ìä³êòåð ò³ç³ì³:
mine – ìåí³ê³ | ours – á³çä³ê³ |
yours – ñåí³ê³ | yours – ñåíäåðä³ê³ |
his – îíûê³ | theirs – îëàðä³ê³ |
hers – îíûê³ | |
its – îíûê³ |
Áұë åê³ ôîðìàíûң àéûðìàøûëûғûí á³ëó үø³í êåëåñ³ ìûñàëäàðäû îқûңûç:
This is your room, but that is hers. – Ìûíàó ñåí³ң áөëìåң, á³ðàқ àíàó îíûê³.
My eyes are blue and yours are hazel. – Ìåí³ң êөçäåð³ì êөê àë ñåí³ê³ қîңûð.
My problems are no business of yours – Ìåí³ң ìәñåëåëåð³ì ñ³çä³ê³ åìåñ.
3. Reflexive pronouns – өçä³ê åñ³ìä³êòåð³
Өçä³ê åñ³ìä³êòåð³ òәóåëä³ê åñ³ìä³êòåðãå (æåêåøå òүðäå) -self æәíå (êөïøå òүðäå) -selves æàëғàóëàðû æàëғàíó àðқûëû æàñàëàäû.
Өçä³ê åñ³ìä³êòåð³ ò³ç³ì³:
myself – ìåí өç³ì | ourselves – á³ç өç³ì³ç |
yourself – ñåí өç³ң | yourselves – ñåíäåð өçäåð³ң |
himself – îë өç³ | themselves – îëàð өçäåð³ |
herself – îë өç³ | |
itself – îë өç³ |
We ourselves saw them. – Á³ç өç³ì³ç îëàðäû êөðä³ê.
You must do it yourself. – Ñåí өç³ң îíû ³ñòåó³ң êåðåê.
4. Demonstrative pronouns – ñ³ëòåó åñ³ìä³êòåð³
Ò³ç³ì:
this – ìûíà (æåêåøå òүð)
that – àíà (æåêåøå òүð)
these – ìûíàëàð (êөïøå òүð)
those – àíàëàð (êөïøå òүð)
such – ñîíäàé
the same – äәë өç³
Қîëäàíûëóû:
This room is a dining-room, and that room is a sitting-room. – Ìûíà áөëìå – àñ áөëìåñ³, àë àíà áөëìå – қîíàқ áөëìåñ³.
Today is such a nice day. – Áүã³í ñîíäàé òàìàøà êүí.
If it were possible to turn back the clock, he would do the same. – Åãåð óàқûòòû қàéòà àðòқà àéíàëäûðó ìүìê³í áîëñà, îë äәë ñîëàé ³ñòåð åä³.
5. Interrogative pronouns – ñұðàó åñ³ìä³êòåð³
Ò³ç³ì:
who – ê³ì
what – íå
whom – ê³ìä³, ê³ìãå
which – қàé
whose – ê³ìí³ң
Қîëäàíûëóû:
Who lives in this house? – Ìûíà үéäå ê³ì òұðàäû?
What was in the box? – Қîðàïòà íå áîëäû?
Whom did you see? – ѳç ê³ìä³ êөðä³ң³ç?
Which bread do you want – white or brown? – Қàíäàé íàí қàëàéñûç – àқ әëäå қàðà?
Whose idea was that? – Îë ê³ìí³ң èäåÿñû áîëäû?
6. Relative pronouns – қàòûñòûқ åñ³ìä³êòåð³
Ò³ç³ì:
what – íå, қàíäàé
which – қàíäàé, қàé
who – ê³ì
whatever – қàíäàé áîëìàñûí
whichever – қàíäàé áîëñà äà
whoever – ê³ì áîëñà äà
Қîëäàíûëóû:
I don't like what you say. – Ìàғàí ñ³çä³ң íå àéòûï òұðғàíûңûç ұíàìàéäû.
Whatever he says, they won't believe him. – Îë íå àéòñà äà îëàð îғàí ñåíáåéä³.
Take two of the sweets, whichever you prefer. – Өç³ңå қàíäàé áîëñà äà êîíôåòòåð ұíàñà ñîíûң åêåó³í àë.
They sell to whoever has the money to buy. – Îëàð ê³ì áîëñà äà àқøàñû áàðғà ñàòàäû.
7. Indefinite pronouns – áåëã³ñ³ç åñ³ìä³êòåð³
Ò³ç³ì:
some – á³ðåó
any – êåç êåëãåí
one – á³ðåó
every – әðá³ð
all – áәð³
another – áàñқà
Қîëäàíûëóû:
Some man is waiting for you. – ѳçä³ á³ð åð àäàì òîñûï òұð.
You may choose any answer. – ѳç êåç-êåëãåí æàóàïòû òàңäàé àëàñûç.
Some of them couldn't eat a thing. One couldn't even drink. – Îëàðäûң êåéá³ðåó³ åø íәðñå æåé àëìàäû. Êåéá³ð³ ò³ïò³ ³øå àëìàäû.
All agree. – Áàðëûғû êåë³ñåä³.
From that time I became another man. – Ñîë óàқûòòàí áåð³ ìåí áàñқà àäàì áîëäûì.
8. Negative pronouns – áîëûìñûç åñ³ìä³êòåð³
Ò³ç³ì:
no – æîқ, åøқàíäàé
none – æîқ, åøқàíäàé, åøê³ì
neither – åøқàíäàé
Қîëäàíûëóû:
No train stops here. – Ìұíäà åøқàíäàé ïîåçä òîқòàìàéäû.
I like none of it. – Ìàғàí ìұíûң åøқàéñûñû ұíàìàéäû.
I was offered a hammer or an axe, but neither tool suited me. – Ìàғàí áàëғà íå áàëòà ұñûíäû, á³ðàқ åøқàéñûñû æàðàìàäû.
9. Reciprocal pronouns – îðòàқ åñ³ìä³êòåð³
Ò³ç³ì:
each other – á³ð³í á³ð³
one another – á³ð³í á³ð³
Қîëäàíûëóû:
John and Max don't like each other. – Äæîí ìåí Ìàêñ á³ð³í á³ð³ ұíàòïàéäû.
Her last two books bear a strong likeness to one another. – Îíûң ñîңғû åê³ ê³òàáû á³ð-á³ð³íå өòå ұқñàñ.
Preposition – ïðåäëîã
Preposition (ïðåäëîã) – çàò åñ³ìí³ң, åñ³ìä³êò³ң ñөéëåìí³ң áàñқà ñөçäåð³íå қàòûñûí á³ëä³ðåò³í êөìåêø³ ñөç òàáû.
Ïðåäëîãòàð æàñàëó òәñ³ë³íå қàðàé áөë³íåä³:
1. Æàé – á³ð òүá³ðäåí ғàíà òұðàòûí:
in
with
for
2. Òóûíäû – құðàìûíäà ïðåôèêñ æәíå ñóôôèêñ áàð:
across
along
3. Êүðäåë³ – á³ðíåøå òүá³ðäåí òұðàòûí:
into (in + to)
outside (out + side)
throughout (through + out)
4. Құðàìäàñ – á³ðíåøå ñөçäåí òұðàòûí:
because of
in case of
as for
Ìàғûíàñûíà қàðàé үñòåóëåð áөë³íåä³:
1. Ìåçã³ëä³ á³ëä³ðåò³í ïðåäëîãòàð (at, on, in, by, since, for, before, after, during, until):
at
òәóë³êò³ң á³ð ìåçã³ë³í, ñàғàòòû äәë êөðñåòó үø³í қîëäàíûëàäû:
at night – òүíäå
at three o’clock – ñàғàò үøòå
on
êүíäåðìåí қîëäàíûëàäû:
on Sunday – æåêñåíá³äå
on a day off – äåìàëûñòà
in
àé, æûë àòòàðûìåí қîëäàíûëàäû:
in September – қûðêүéåêòå, in 1980 – 1980 æûëû
òәóë³êò³ң, æûëäûң á³ð ìåçã³ë³ìåí:
in the morning – òàңåðòåң, in the day time – êүíä³ç
in the summer – æàçäà
áîëàøàқòà:
in an hour – á³ð ñàғàòòàí êåé³í
in a week – á³ð àïòàäàí êåé³í
by
áåëã³ë³ á³ð óàқûòқà:
by 8 o’clock – ñàғàò 8-ãå
by the end of October – қàçàííûң ñîңûíà
since
áåëã³ë³ á³ð óàқûòòàí:
since 6 o’clock – ñàғàò 6-äàí áåð³
since May – ìàìûðäàí áåð³
for
áåëã³ë³ á³ð óàқûò ìөëøåð³í á³ëä³ðåä³:
to stay at home for a week – á³ð àïòàғà үéäå қàëó
to go to Boston for month – Áîñòîíғà á³ð àéғà áàðó
before
áåëã³ë³ á³ð óàқûòқà äåé³í:
before breakfast – òàңғû àñқà äåé³í
before midnight – òүí îðòàñûíà äåé³í
after
áåëã³ë³ á³ð óàқûòòàí êåé³í:
after six o’clock – ñàғàò àëòûäàí êåé³í
after dinner – òүñòåí êåé³í
during
áåëã³ë³ á³ð óàқûò êåç³íäå:
during the lesson – ñàáàқ êåç³íäå
during our conversation – á³çä³ң әңã³ìå êåç³íäå
until
áåëã³ë³ á³ð óàқûòқà äåé³í:
He will not give an answer until next Friday. – Îë êåëåñ³ æұìàғà äåé³í æàóàï áåðìåéä³.
2. Ìåêåí æәíå áàғûò ïðåäëîãòàðû (at, on, in, behind, in front of, off, near, inside, outside, along, across, to, through, into, around, between, from, up, down, over, under):
at
at the station – ñòàíöèÿäà
at the window – òåðåçå æàíûíäà
at the theater – òåàòðäà
on
on the table – үñòåë үñò³íäå
on the wall – қàáûðғàäà
in
in the room – áөëìåäå
in the south – îңòүñò³êòå
behind – àðòûíäà: behind the house – үéä³ң àðòûíäà
in front of – àëäûíäà: in front of the house – үéä³ң àëäûíäà
off
The house stands off the main road. – Үé îðòàëûқ êөøåäåí àëøàқ òұð.
near – æàíûíäà, ìàңûíäà:
near the window – òåðåçå ìàңûíäà
inside – ³ø³íäå: inside the house – үé ³ø³íäå
outside – ñûðòûíäà: outside the house – үé ñûðòûíäà
along – áîéû: along the road – æîë áîéû
across – àðқûëû: across the river – өçåí àðқûëû
to
to work – æұìûñқà
to Manhattan. – Ìàíõýòòåíãå
to the station – ñòàíöèÿғà
through – àðқûëû:
through the tunnel – òóííåëü àðқûëû
into – ³ø³íå:
We drove into the city. – Á³ç қàëàғà ê³ðä³ê.
He walked into the room. – Îë áөëìåãå ê³ðä³.
around – àéíàëà, ìàңàéûíäà:
around the house – үéä³ àéíàëà
around the store – ìàãàçèí ìàңàéûíäà
between – àðàñûíäà:
between Paris and London – Ïàðèæ æәíå Ëîíäîí àðàñûíäà
from
He came from England last week. – Îë өòêåí àïòàäà Àíãëèÿäàí êåëä³.
I received a letter from my parents. – Ìåí àòà-àíàìíàí õàò àëäûì.
He took a book from the table. – Îë үñòåëäåí ê³òàï àëäû.
up – æîғàðû: up the river – өçåí áîéûìåí æîғàðû
down – òөìåí: down the river – өçåí áîéûìåí òөìåí
over – æîғàðû, үñò³íäå: over the fireplace – êàìèí үñò³íäå
under – àñòûíäà: under the table – үñòåë àñòûíäà
3. Áàéëàíûñ æәíå ñåáåï ïðåäëîãòàðû (with, without, against, for, because of, in view of):
with
with each other – á³ð-á³ð³ìåí
to buy with money – àқøàғà ñàòûï àëó
without
without me – ìåíñ³ç
without end – øåêñ³ç
against – қàðñû:
He did it against my will. – Îë ìұíû ìåí³ң қàëàóûìà қàðñû æàñàäû.
for
food for animals – æàíóàðëàðғà àðíàëғàí æåì
for sale – ñàòóғà àðíàëғàí
because of
because of rain – æàңáûðäûң ñàëäàðûíàí
because of illness – àóðóäûң ñåáåá³íåí
in view of
in view of the serious political situation – қàòàң ñàÿñè æàғäàéäû åñêåðå îòûðûï
Äàòà ïóáëèêîâàíèÿ: 2015-06-12; Ïðî÷èòàíî: 998 | Íàðóøåíèå àâòîðñêîãî ïðàâà ñòðàíèöû | Ìû ïîìîæåì â íàïèñàíèè âàøåé ðàáîòû!