Perfect having written having been written

Герундий может выступать в предложении как:

1)подлежащее,

2)часть сказуемого;

3)дополнение;

4)предложное дополнение (после многих глаголов, причастий, прилагательных, требующих определенных предлогов);

5)определение;

6)обстоятельство (времени, образа действия, цели, сопутствующих условий).

Gerund as an attribute

Walking – stick, boiling- point, swimming – race, blotting-paper, eating apples, cooking apples, laughing- stock, dancing-room, dancing master

Participle II

Some stamps collected by him are very curious.

At last she saw the man, who had saved her sun.

Some questions, touched upon in the report are worth careful consideration.

To do or to make?

To make a cup of tea, to do one’s best, to do the washing up, to make a mess, to make an offer, to do aerobics, to do a favor, to make plans, to do the waltz, to make a mistake, to do the accounts, to make a date, to do business, to make trouble, to do the ironing, to do a casserole, to make a cabinet, to do exercises, to do cleaning.

DO – shopping, work, homework, housework, cleaning, washing up, gardening, military service, mathematics, something interesting, a boring job….

MAKE – arrangements, an offer, a suggestion, an attempt, an effort, an excuse, a mistake, a noise, a phone call, a date, a profit, a bed, a cake, a speech, trouble…..