An Earthquake

By Bernice Karnop

An earthquakeis the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's 1) cr__st that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes are recorded with a seismometer, also known as a 2) seismogra p h. The moment magnitude of an earthquake is conventionally reported, or the related and mostly obsolete 3) Ri c hter magnitude, with magnitude 3 or lower earthquakes being mostly imperceptible and magnitude 7 causing serious 4) dam a ge over large 5) ar__as. Intensity of shaking is 6) me a sured on the modified Mercalli 7) s c ale.

At the Earth's 1) ______, earthquakes manifest themselves by a shaking and sometimes displacement of the 2) _______. When a large earthquake epicenter is located offshore, the 3) _______ sometimes suffers 4) _________ displacement to cause a 5) ________. The shaking in earthquakes can also 6) ________ landslides and occasionally 7) _______activity.

tsunami, ground, sufficient - достаточный, trigger –щель собачка, surface - поверхность, volcanic, seabed – морское дно

In its most generic sense, the word earthquake 1) (uses, is used ) to describe any seismic event —whether a natural phenomenon or an event caused by humans — that 2) (generates, generate) seismic waves. Earthquakes 3) (are caused, is caused) mostly by rupture of geological faults, but also by volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear experiments. An earthquake's point of initial rupture is called its focus or hypocenter. The term epicenter 4) (had mean, means) the point at ground level directly above this. Most naturally occurring earthquakes are related to the tectonic nature of 5) (a, the) Earth. Such earthquakes are called tectonic earthquakes. The Earth's lithosphere is a patchwork of plates in slow but constant motion caused by the release to space of the heat in the Earth's mantle and core. The heat 6) (will caused, causes) the rock in the Earth to flow on geological timescales, so that the plates move slowly but surely.

coast.

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