Перевод герундиальных оборотов

Существительное (- 's) притяжательное местоимение

Переводится, как привило, придаточными предложениями, подлежащее которых соответствует притяжательному местоимению или существительному в притяжательном падеже, а сказуемое – герундию этого оборота. Выбор типа придаточного предложения при переводе зависит от того, каким членом предложения является герундий.

1. Герундий дополнение

We know of hiscommitting a crime.

	подлежащее

Мы знаем, что он (о том, что он) совершил преступление.

2. Герундий подлежащее

The detective's knowing the suspect helped him to make an arrest

	Подлежащее

То, что сыщику был известен подозреваемый, помогло ему произвести арест.

1. He was suspected of committing a crime. 2. You are responsible for presenting this case in court. 3. His being imprisoned was not a surprise for me. 4. The officer insisted on the suspect's being sent to prison. 5. Officer Smith's making a search without a warrant was illegal. 6. Her being prosecuted for misdemeanor is natural. 7. The person's being fined can be regarded as a just punishment. 8. His pleading not guilty does not mean that he is innocent. 9. We know of her having committed the crime.

6. РАЗГОВОРНЫЕ ТЕМЫ

1. Saint-Petersburg University of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia

The St.-Petersburg University of the Ministry of the Interior is one of the biggest police training institutions in the system of law enforcement professional education in Russia. The University trains specialists for various police services. The term of training is four years for trainees of the day department and six years for trainees of the correspondence department. The university graduates get a diploma of a lawyer with specialization in crime detection, criminal investigation, traffic safety, finance and economics, psychology, social pedagogic, book-keeping, taxation and other. The university has such facilities as specially equipped classrooms, lecture-halls, libraries, gymnasiums, muster decks, firearms rangers. To become a law enforcement experts students must get good knowledge of the following: the prevention of crime, the detection of crime, investigational techniques, sources of evidence, the administration of justice, the criminal law, crime psychology, etc.

1. What University do you study at?

2. How long is the term of training at the University?

3. What specialization do the University graduates get?

4. What facilities does the University have?

5. What subjects do students study at the University?

2. Saint-Petersburg

I am an external student at the University of the Ministry of the Interior. The University is located in Saint-Petersburg – one of the most beautiful cities of the world. St. Petersburg was founded by Peter the First on the Neva River in 1703. For more than three centuries St. Petersburg is a big cultural scientific and industrial center. St. Petersburg is famous for its architecture and places of interest, for example: the Peter and Paul Fortress, the Admiralty, St. Isaac's Cathedral, Kazan Cathedral, «Bronze Horseman», Art Square with a magnificent building of the Russian Museum and the monument to Pushkin. On the left bank of the Neva River there is the Winter Palace – the former residence of Russian tsars. It was built by Rastrelli in the 18^th century. Now it is the Hermitage – one of the biggest museums in the world. In front of the Palace, there is the central square of St. Petersburg –Palace Square with Alexander Column in the center.

Many theatres of St. Petersburg are well-known not only in Russia but they are also famous abroad.

1. When was St. Petersburg founded?

2. Where is the city situated?

3. Who founded St. Petersburg?

4. What is St. Petersburg famous for?

5. What places of interest can you name?

6. What cathedrals of St. Petersburg do you know?

7. Where does the Winter Palace stand?

8. When was it built? Who is the architect of the Winter Palace?

9. What museums and theatres of St. Petersburg do you know?

10. What places of interest can you name?

3. I am a Law-Enforcement Officer

Let me introduce myself. My name is Denis Sokolov. I'm 26 years old. I was born in Murmansk, now I live in St.-Petersburg.

I am a senior lieutenant of militia and my profession is crime prevention and crime solution. The effectiveness of a crime fighting depends on the professional skills of militia officer and requires much special knowledge. So I entered the correspondence faculty of the St.-Petersburg University of the Ministry of the Interior to continue my education in law.

Militia as the part of the criminal justice system is charged with enforcing law and maintaining order. The purpose of our militia is to prevent crime, to detect and bring to justice those who break the law. to protect and help people. We must be compassionate and patient; act with integrity and common sense to increase the community's trust and sense of security.

· I serve as a criminal investigator. Major responsibilities of a criminal investigator include: examining the crime scene, collecting all relevant physical evidence, interviewing witnesses, interrogating a suspect if arrested, modus operandi review, developing additional information from informants. The final test of a criminal investigation is proving the guilt of the defendant in court.

· The State Inspection of Road Traffic Safety is responsible for traffic regulation and safety on the roads. A traffic officer enforces traffic laws, assists in accident prevention programs, investigates traffic accidents, enforces appropriate speed limit, handles alcohol driving and other.

· The Transport Militia maintains law and order on the railways, airlines and waterways.

· The Juvenile Inspection handles «difficult» juveniles.

· The mission of the Economic Crimes Department is investigation and prosecution of individuals and groups engaged in criminal activity involving forgery, counterfeiting, embezzlement, computer and internet crimes. Economic and financial crimes are increasing mostly in sectors affected by rapid advances in technology. The detection of economic and financial crimes is difficult as they are committed by groups using new technologies. The effective combating of economic crime is important for maintaining confidence in the police and the court and government authorities.

· There are three levels in accounting profession: a bookkeeper, an accountant and Controller. Bookkeepers deal in taxes, cash flow (receipts and disbursements). But the accountant's is to analyse and interpret the data in the Ledger and the Trial Balance. The accountant determines the ways in which the business may grow in the future. The Chief accounting officer is the Controller. Controllers are responsible for measuring the financial performance.

· Psychology and education. The main role of psychology, concerning education, is to discover the laws governing child development, and so to assist parents and teachers to develop the abilities and qualities of behaviour of children.

· Psychology is the science of the mental processes. Police psychologist' services consist of counseling and evaluation police candidates. New technologies can enable psychologists to examine such areas as a candidate's decision-making and problem-solving abilities and quality of interaction with others. One of the roles of police psychologists is identifying officers at risk for excessive force and in preventing its use; the factors that contribute to use the excessive force by the police.

· Forensic is both the study of law and psychology. Forensic psychologists are experts who understand both legal questions as well as the psychological problems involved in complex criminal and family law cases.

Запомните:

a rank	- звание
a private	- рядовой
a militiaman	- милиционер
a sergeant-major	- старшина
a junior lieutenant	- младший лейтенант
senior lieutenant	- старший лейтенант
a captain	- капитан
a major	- майор
a lieutenant-colonel	- подполковник
a colonel	- полковник
a general	- генерал
major-general	- генерал-майор
a lieutenant-general	- генерал-лейтенант
a colonel-general of militia force	- генерал-полковник милиции
a lawyer	- юрист
a detective (an operative)	- оперативный работник
an investigator	- следователь
a divisional inspector (beat officer)	- участковый инспектор
a field-criminalist	- эксперт-криминалист
a traffic accident investigator	- дознаватель ДТП
an inspector of the State Traffic Safety Service	- инспектор ГИБДД
a bobby-handler	- проводник служебно-розыскной собаки
an instructor of corrections and penitentiary institution	- педагог исправительных учреждений
medical expert	- судебно-медицинский эксперт
militia services	- милицейские службы
Criminal Investigation Department	- отдел уголовного розыска
Economic Crimes Department	- отдел по борьбе с экономическими преступлениями
State Traffic Safety Inspection	- ГИБДД
Juvenile Inspection	- инспекция по делам несовершеннолетних
Transport Militia	- транспортная милиция
Crime Psychology	- судебная психология
Crime Detection	- оперативно-розыскная деятельность

1. What are you?

2. What is your rank?

3. Why did you enter the University?

4. What is the purpose of our militia?

5. In what militia department do you serve?

6. What can you say about the professional qualities of the militia officers?

4. Asking for Directions and Giving Information

· - Excuse me, officer.

- Yes …

- Could you tell me the way to the Palace Square?

- Yes, walk straight ahead and then turn to the right.

- Is it a long way from here?

- Oh, no. It will take you about 10 minutes to get there.

- Thank you, officer.

- That's all right.

· - Sorry, officer. Could you tell me how to get to the Russian Museum?

- Yes, with pleasure. Take the underground (the metro) and go as far as Nevsky Prospect station. The Russian Museum is about three minutes' walk from there.

- Thank you very much.

- Not at all.

· - What are you celebrating?

- This is school-leavers' celebration. We call it «Alye Parusa» (Scarlet Sails)

Take a bus number 12 a trolley bus a tram underground (metro)	- Вам нужен автобус № 12 - троллейбус - трамвай - метро
Walk along the street	- Идите по улице
Walk through the park	- Идите через парк
Walk straight ahead	- Идите прямо вперед
Turn to the right (left)	- Сверните направо (налево)
Turn round the corner	- Сверните за угол
Turn back	- Поверните назад
Take the second turn	- Сверните на втором повороте
Go as far as Kanal Griboyedova	- Вам нужно доехать до Канала Грибоедова
It's a long way from here	- Это отсюда далеко
You have to change from one line to another	- Вам надо пересесть с одной линии метро на другую

7. ТЕКСТЫ ДЛЯ ЧТЕНИЯ И ПЕРЕВОДА

I. Careers in Criminal Justice

(Рассказы служителей правопорядка США
о своей профессиональной карьере)

Text 1

Jim Rice. Federal Bureau of Investigation

«Growing up in small town in rural West Virginia, I always knew that I wanted to be an FBI agent.

I received biological education at the University in West Virginia and earned a master's degree in biochemistry. During college, I worked at several part-time jobs, loading trucks and bagging groceries, and also served in the Coast Guard as a reservist.

Following college, I went to work for the West Virginia State Police as a forensic toxicologist. It was an interesting and challenging job.

In 1988 I joined the FBI as a Special Agent and spent the first sixteen weeks of my Bureau career at the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia, as do all new agents. The FBI Academy is similar to a small college campus, with classrooms, domitories, a cafeteria, and a gymnasium, with hundreds of students in residence including new agents, experienced agents who are back for a week or two of specialized training, and police officers from all over the country and the world.

Following graduation from the FBI Academy, agents are transferred to a field office for their first assignment. I was sent to the Indianapolis office and I was assigned to a «reactive squad», which handled violent crimes, such as bank robberies, fugitives, kidnappings, and extortion.

A rotational transfer brought me to the Washington, D.C., field office in 1992, where I joined a «Safe Streets Gang Task Force». Soon thereafter, a joint Terrorism Task Force was formed. I volunteered to be part of this task force and was promoted to the position of Supervisory Special Agent of the squad. My duties include the operational and emergency response to incidents of domestic terrorism, bombings and bomb threats; chemical, biological, and nuclear incidents; and the security for special events, such as presidential inaugurations.»

Text 2

Peter John Mantello. Training Coordinator for the Vermont Criminal Justice Training Council

«My service in the police profession started by getting a bachelor of arts degree in sociology/criminal justice, and now I am in the process of completing a master's educational leadership.

You should never stop learning in the police profession. My experience in the police profession has covered thirteen years. In 1986 I enlisted in the US Army as a military policeman and spent three years in the Republic of Panama. In March 1989, I was hired as a full-time police professional for the town of Woodstock. Because of the size of the department, my duties varied from patrol officer involved in juvenile services to conducting sexual abuse investigations as a corporal. In 1996 I was promoted to a training coordinator. My primary responsibilities are coordinating, scheduling, instructing (my expertise is in physical training, use of force, and firearms), and supervising police candidates in a thirteen-week residential program that certifies officers to enforce the law and service the community. Today, if a candidate «wants in» the police profession he or she needs to have a commitment to service, a sense of humility, a disciplined lifestyle, and a proactive thinking mind».

Text 3

John Esmerado. Assistant Prosecutor

«My name is John Esmerado, I am an assistant prosecutor in Elizabeth, New Jersey. I first became interested in the field of prosecution, when I was in high school, I wanted to pursue the truth and to aid people in crisis.

On graduation from Seton Hall University Law School, I started as a full-time assistant at the prosecutor's office. Twice a month I try a case. I have litigated everything from murder to robbery, sexual assault, police misconduct, drug distribution, prostitution, and aggravating assault.

My current responsibilities are two-fold. Primarily, I represent the state of New Jersey at trial. With a detective staff, I investigate crime by interviewing witnesses, searching out evidence, and asking people questions in court to establish beyond a reasonable doubt that a defendant committed a crime. My second responsibility is to act as legal adviser to the police».

Text 4

Scott T. Ballock. US Probation Officer

«Taking an Introduction to Criminal Justice course at Indiana University I was uncertain which route to go, there were so many possibilities. I wanted to get a closer look at each career path and volunteered at the local jail, probation office, police department, courthouse, and different social services agencies. I rode along with police officers, interviewed prison administrators, and met with attorneys and judges. My time spent with these people provided me with a more realistic picture of each profession. Ultimately, the field of probation and parole appeared to provide the best fit for my interests and goals.

As a federal probation officer, I'm responsible for the supervision of persons conditionally released to the community by the court. The court expects an offender to remain law abiding and drug free, to work, to support family, to repay victims.

In order to supervise offenders, probation officers must become very knowledgeable about their activities and lifestyles. We do so by meeting with offenders on a regular basis in the community, conducting unannounced home inspections, speaking regularly with their families, friends, neighbors, and employers.

I'm often asked whether probation officers are law enforcement officers or social workers. We are both. Responsible for protecting the public, we are also charged with promoting positive change among our probationers and parolees.

II. Criminal Justice Technology

(Новые технологии на службе уголовной полиции)

Text 5

The Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS)

With AFIS, fingerprints are converted to algorithms. The computer compares the algorithms with other fingerprints found at crime scenes, as well with other samples recorded and stored by other law enforcement agencies. Using this program law enforcement agencies can search and compare millions of samples in minutes, When combined with other new technology such as Life Scan – which electronically scans fingerprints instead of using black printer's ink to make a record of the print – AFIS greatly increases the chances that fingerprints will lead to a suspect.

Law enforcement agencies are equipping patrol cars with portable devices that permit to conduct on-the-spot fingerprint checks of people who have been pulled over. These devices allow the officer to find out in less than thirty seconds whether the subject is listed in an FBI data base as a fugitive or a missing person

Text 6

Nonlethal Stun Gun Approach

According to the FBI, police are involved in about four hundred justifiable homicides each year – even though these killings occur when the officer is required to use force to protect himself, law enforcement officials realize that each such incident can damage relations with the community.

More than 1,500 law enforcement agencies now use the Advanced Taser M26, a form of nonlethal stun gun – an M26 which looks like a regular handgun. It works on up to twenty-one feet.

Experience shows that serious injures have been linked to these weapons. A research company in San Diego is in the process of perfecting the latest line of nonlethal stun guns. Called the Anti-Personnel Beam Weapon (APBW), the detective uses ultraviolet radiation to send an electrical current through the air toward the target. Like the electrical charge of the M26, this current freezes muscle contraction, causing paralysis. The APBW has a range of about one hundred feet, and the same company is working on this similar device that would disable automobile engines.

III. Police Organisation

(Полицейские департаменты)

Text 7

Police on Patrol – the Backbone of the Department

The patrol officers are considered the most valuable members of the police force, and every department has a patrol unit. «Life on the street» is not easy – patrol officers must be able to handle any number of difficult situations. As one patrol officer commented: «You never stop learn ing. You never get your street degree». The basic purposes of the police patrol include:

1. The deterrence of crime by maintaining a visible police presence.

2. The maintenance of public order and a sense of security in the community.

3. The twenty-four-hour provision of services that are not crime related.

Because patrol officers are available for quick response they are usually the first law enforcement officers to reach a crime scene. Their initial responsibilities at a crime scene are provide first aid for the victims, if there are any, and arrest suspects if they are still in the area, and then secure the crime scene, interview witnesses and victims.

Patrols can be conducted by a number of different methods including foot, automobile, motorcycle, mounted (on horseback), bicycle, boat and K-9 (with the aid of a dog).

Text 8

K-9 Patrol

Dog units, or K-9, perform very specific tasks: detecting illegal narcotics, finding hidden bombs, assisting in searching for missing persons and searching buildings and other areas for burglars and other suspects. With their powerful smell, dogs are responsible for the seizure of millions of dollars' worth of narcotics. Well-trained dogs are incredibly loyal and commonly go to great lengths to protect their handlers. When accompanying officers on foot patrol a dog can have the double impact of giving the officers a sense of protection and intimidating any potential wrongdoers.

Text 9

The Idea of Police/Militia

It is important for you as cadets of a militia college to think of the definitions of «police» and «militia». What is Police? And what is Militia? Both words are the names of the institutions or individuals that are to maintain law and order, to provide security for society and its citizens, to fight crime – to prevent crime, to investigate and solve crimes, to enforce the law and, to some extent, - to prosecute and punish criminals.

The idea of the word «police» (from the Greek «politeia») is municipal administration, so the aspect of administration is dominant in this term. The idea of the word «militia» (from the Latin «militia») is military service, so the military aspect of law enforcement activity is prevalent in this case.

According to one police scholar it is possible to compare the functions of the police/militia with the functions of a magistrate, a soldier and a journalist.

Every police/militia system is an integral part of the social and political system in which it is to work. The basic principle of the democratic government is the principle of «separation of powers» into three main branches – legislative, executive and judicial – in the system of «checks and balances» (Charles Montesquieu). In this case powers of one governmental branch are to check or balance those of other branches. «Democracy is the government of the people, by the people and for the people» (Abraham Lincoln). Thus in a modern democratic society the law enforcement officers are to strictly observe the principles of legality and to protect the rights and interests of citizens. The police/militia officers are to possess great self-control and courage not to abuse their official powers and duties, especially their right to use coercive force.

What problems and tasks are our militia to deal with nowadays? Our militia is to deal with many problems, and all of them are of great importance. It is effective law enforcement, educational and preventive work that are to be in the center of the activities of militia agencies today. We are to build a law-governed state, so our militia is to enforce the law strictly on the basis of legality. Militia stations are in continuous operation of crime prevention, criminal investigation and crime solution, day and night patrol service, alcohol law enforcement, traffic safety, problems of juvenile delinquency and racketeering. One of the main risks of our militia is to improve militia/public relations, increase the public's trust and sense of security. It is the mutual efforts of the militia and the public and the participation of the militia in all community affairs that are absolutely necessary for effective law enforcement. It is everybody's job. The constant support of all organizations is of great help to the militia.

To combat organized crime – sometimes of transnational character – terrorism, smuggling, drug trafficking, illicit arms trade, hijacking of planes and hijacking on highways, money laundering, sham bankruptcy, contract murders (or murders for sale), kidnapping and taking of hostages, gambling, prostitution, forgery and counterfeiting of currency, computer-related financial fraud and fraud in insurance, corruption and bribing of public figures, party leaders and elected officials, etc, is an actual problem now not only for the police around the world but for our militia as well. That's why it was so necessary for our country to join the International Police Organization -–Interpol – as its 151^st member in September, 1990. Interpol is an important tool and the only practical means for criminal investigation of international crimes and detection and arrest of transnational criminals. Now this organization is coordinator of law enforcement efforts in nearly 180 member countries. And it is to take up the challenge of globalizing crime in the 21^st century, an era of globalization of the social and economic spheres.

Men and women in a militia/police uniform with the shoulder-straps of different militia/police ranks are to present a positive image of the militia/police with social and humanitarian orientation and put love into their life, work and contacts with people.

IV. Juvenile Delinquency

(Преступность несовершеннолетних)

Text 10

School Killers

Of the 100 murder cases, nineteen were committed by teenagers, and they showed a pattern that set them apart from the adults:

· While adults tended to act alone, kids often acted with the support of their peers. In some instances, those kids were helped by other kids who drove them to school, showed them how to use a gun, helped them get firearms.. Quite often the killers boasted about what they were planning and even encouraged friends to be a witness. By contrast, adults acted alone.

· Kids may try to collaborate and get others involved, and some of them kill together.

· They will often boast of their plans.

School officials want to know if there are any clear signs to watch for and to tell parents about. The problem is that few school psychologists have received training on this issue, so they're not sure what to do or what to look for. As with all dangerousness assessments, the most telling factor in what a child might do is what a child has already done. In other words, a history of violent actions or words is the best indicator of future violence potential.

Any pattern of behavior that persists over time tends to intensify. This does not necessarily mean that a bully will become a school killer, but it means that kids who develop an obsession with weapons or violent games, and who tend to threaten are more likely to act out than those who don't. Some of the behaviors to be especially concerned about include an increase in:

· lying

· blaming others

· avoiding responsibility

· avoiding effort to achieve goals

· using deception, force or intimidation to control others

· showing lack of simpathy for others

· exploiting others' weaknesses

· engaging in petty crimes like theft or damage to property

· getting involved in gang behavior

· having a history of criminal acts without a motive

· having a history of criminality in the family

· having a history of running away from home

· showing a pattern of anger

· being depressed or withdrawn

· developing an intense dislike of school

· complaining about classmates treating him or her badly

· having excessive television or videogame habits – three or more hours a day

· carrying weapons like a knife

· complaining of feeling lonely.

Text 11

Young Offenders

The age of criminal responsibility is ten (except in Scotland where it is eight). Children between the ages of ten and seventeen usually appear before a juvenile court, where it is decided whether the child should continue to live within the family, subject to supervision, or whether he or she should be taken into local authority care (with foster parents or in a community home). Such offenders normally attend special schools. Some are required to attend special centres on Saturdays, for leisure activities and skills training. Some are required to do community service. All arrangements must be reviewed every six months. Such arrangements may seem responsible, but are they adequate? Britain has a serious problem with young offenders. The peak age for committing crime is fifteen. One in four criminal offences is committed by teenagers under sixteen. By that time crime is for many already a lifestyle.

V.

Text 12

Consequenese of Economic and Financial Crimes

Activities such as exploitation of natural resources, corruption and misappropriation of funds from banks, fraudulent practices, fiscal offences etc. affect the economic well-being of people. The consequences of such activities go well beyond financial loss and the economic well-being of society. It is important that people feel they are living in a fair and just society.

There is a growing evidence that economic and financial crimes are increasing mostly in sectors affected by rapid advances in technology. People who are behind financial crimes are usually smart and sophisticated, making use of financial resources to build extensive connections with law enforcement officials. Authorities have to fight interference from influential powers, and that is often more difficult than the investigation itself. Strong political will and government commitment is needed to fight such crime. Economic and financial crimes are destructive enemies of nations. Governments need to fight against financial crimes in every shape and form.

One area requiring particular attention is money-laundering, because the proceeds of such crime are often used to commit other crimes.

VI.

Text 13

Police Corruption.

Police corruption has been a concern since the first organized American police departments. Police corruption can be defined as the misuse of authority by a law enforcement officer. Corrupt police officers fall into two categories: «grass eaters» and «meat eaters». «Grass eaters» are involved in passive corruption; they simply accept the payoffs and opportunities that police work can provide. «Meat eaters» are more aggressive in their quest for personal gain, initiating corrupt schemes.

Text 14

Police Ethics. Police Code of Conduct (outlines)

Ethics has to do with fundamental questions of the fairness, justice, rightness, or wrongness of any action. Given the significant power that police officers hold, society expects very high standards of ethical behavior from them. These expectations are summed up in the Police Code of Conduct.

Primary Responsibilities of a Police officer. A police officer acts as an official representative of government who is required and trusted to work within the law. The fundamental duties of a police officer include serving the community, safeguarding lives and property, protecting the innocent, keeping the peace and ensuring the rights of all to liberty, equality and justice.

Performance of the Duties of a Police Officer. A police officer shall perform all duties impartially, without favor or ill will and without regard to status, race, religion, political belief. All citizens will be treated equally with courtesy and dignity.

Use of Force. A police officer will never employ unnecessary force.

Confidentiality. Members of the public have a right to security and privacy, and information obtained about them must not be improperly divulged.

Integrity. A police officer will not engage in acts of corruption, or bribery.

Personal-Professional Capabilities. Police officers will be responsible for their own standard of professional-performance and will take every reasonable opportunity to improve their level of knowledge and competence.

Private Life. Police officers will behave in a manner that does not bring discredit to their agencies or themselves. The officer's personal behavior must be beyond reproach.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА

1. Larry K. Gaines, Roger LeRoy Miller Criminal Justice in Action. The Core. Second Edition. Thomson Wadsworth, 2004 – 403.

2. The Crime Library http:// www. crimelibrary. com/criminology.

3. Малкова Т.В., Бычкова Л.К., Ивлева Л.П. Грамматика английского языка в схемах и таблицах. Учебное наглядное пособие / Под ред. Н.С. Калейник. − СПб.: Санкт-Петербургский университет МВД России, 2005. − 191 с.

4. Соловей С.С. и др. Учебник английского языка для профессионалов правоприменительной деятельности. Издание третье, стереотипное. – М.:. ИМЦ ГУК МВД России, 2004. − 616 с.

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

Организационно-методический раздел
	1. Программа
	Цели и задача курса …………………………………..
	Место курса в профессиональном обучении слушателей заочной формы обучения
	Содержание дисциплины
	Порядок прохождения дисциплины
	Требования к уровню усвоения содержания курса
	Требования на зачете и экзамене
	2. Рекомендуемая учебная литература ……….
	3. Методические рекомендации
	Работа со словарем
	Работа с текстом
	Особенности фонетического строя английского языка
	Особенности лексического строя английского языка
	Особенности грамматического строя английского языка
	Выполнение и оформление контрольной работы
Контрольные работы
	Образцы выполнения заданий
	Темы контрольных работ № 1 и № 2
	Вариант 1
	Контрольная работа № 1
	Контрольная работа № 2
	Вариант 2
	Контрольная работа № 1
	Контрольная работа № 2
	Темы контрольных работ № 3 и № 4
	Вариант 1
	Контрольная работа № 3
	Контрольная работа № 4
	Вариант 2
	Контрольная работа № 3
	Контрольная работа № 4
Краткий языковой практикум
	1. Фонетический справочник
	2. Грамматический практикум
	Наиболее употребительные суффиксы и префиксы (табл. 4-а, 4-б)..
	Имя существительное (табл. 5-а – 5-в)
	Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий (табл. 6-а – 6-б)
	Местоимения (табл. 7-а – 7-г)
	Числительные (табл. 8)
	Глагол. Основные формы глагола (табл. 9-а)
	Видовременные формы глагола. Активный залог (табл. 9-б)
	Образование и перевод форм глагола в страдательном залоге (табл. 9-в – 9-д)
	Вспомогательные глаголы (табл. 10)
	Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты (табл. 11)
	Порядок слов в простом предложении (табл. 12)
	Перевод оборота «there + to be» (табл. 13)
	Союзы (табл. 14-а – 14-б)
	Предлоги (табл. 15-а – 15-б)
	Неличные формы глагола (табл. 16)
	Инфинитив (табл. 17-а – 17-г)
	Причастия (табл. 18-а – 18-б)
	Герундий (табл. 19-а – 19-б)
	3. Разговорные темы
	4. Тексты для чтения и перевода
Использованная литература ………………………………………………

Учебное издание