Grammar focus: ambiguous '-ed’ forms

I. Identify the function of '-ed’ forms and translate the sentences into Ukrainian:

1. The European Convention laid down the rights and freedoms defined in Section I of the Convention that shall be secured by the High Contracting States to everyone within their jurisdiction. 2. That the drafters of the European Convention considered the remedies laid down in the Convention as subsidiary remedies only is evident from the admissibility requirement. 3. The Convention bodies have always taken the position that the primary responsibility lies with the domestic legal system. 4. If a judge of the European Court writes a dissenting opinion, it means that he disagrees with the approach taken by the majority. 5. According to the Court, in all education activities with which the Government is concerned the rights of parents ensured in Article 2 have to be respected. 6. A treaty provision incorporated into national law receives the same status as the other domestic law provisions of the same kind. 7. The Court examined whether, with the difference in treatment complained of, the national authorities had a justified aim or whether they pursued 'other and ill-intentioned designs'. 8. If the authorities proceed in one way or another to specific performance in a field connected with one or more of the rights in question, they are obliged to do so without discrimination. 9. When a Contracting State avails itself of the possibility of derogation provided for in Article 15 the consequences may be so far-reaching and the number of people affected may be so large that effective supervision on the part of the Strasbourg organs is of utmost importance. 10. In the Lawless case the Court set forth as a starting point for the Strasbourg supervision 'whereas it is for the Court to determine whether the conditions laid down in Article 15 for the exercise of the exceptional right of derogation have been fulfilled in the present case'. 11. It is also a breach of the 'equality of arms' principle for an expert witness appointed by the accused not to be accorded equal treatment with one appointed by the trial court who has links with the prosecution.