History and organization

Комитет по правам ребенка (КПР) является органом независимых экспертов, контроль и представление отчетности об осуществлении Конвенции Организации Объединенных Наций о правах ребенка правительствами thatratify Конвенции. [1] Кроме того, Комитет осуществляет наблюдение за выполнением Факультативный протокол, касающийся участия детей в вооруженных конфликтах (ФП-AC) и Факультативного протокола, касающегося торговли детьми, детской проституции и детской порнографии (ФП-SC).

History and organization

The CRC is one of the eight UN human rights treaty bodies. The Committee was created by the Convention on 27 February 1991.^[2] The Committee is made up of 18 members from different countries and legal systems who are of 'high moral standing' and experts in the field of human rights. Although members are nominated and elected by States party to the Convention, Committee members act in a personal capacity. They do not represent their countries' governments or any other organization to which they might belong. Members are elected for a four-year term and can be re-elected if nominated.

The 193 states that have ratified the Convention ("States party to the Convention") (which includes all UN member states except Somalia, South Sudan and the United States) are required to submit initial and periodic reports on the national situation of children's rights to the Committee for examination. The Committee examines each report and raises concerns or makes recommendations to the State party. It also issues occasional general comments on the interpretation of particular Convention obligations. Once a year, the Committee submits a report to the Third Committee of the United Nations General Assembly, which also hears a statement from the CRC Chair, and the Assembly adopts a Resolution on the Rights of the Child.^[3][4]

The Committee cannot consider individual complaints, although child rights may be raised before other committees with competence to consider individual complaints.^{[ citation needed ]} However, at least the case of Gendhun Choekyi Nyima, 11th Panchen Lama, was considered by the Committee on 28 May 1996, as well as at other later dates.^[5]