Text 1 what is financial law?

Exercise 1.1 Study the vocabulary:

1) framework	1) рамки
2) to provide	2) забезпечувати
3) mortgage	3) заклад, іпотека
4) interest rate	4) відсоткова ставка
5) merger	5) поглинання (компанії), злиття
6) acquisition	6) придбання, набуття
7) to enforce	7) надавати законну силу
8) to prevent	8) попереджати, не допускати
9) insider trading	9) інсайдерні торгівельні операції з цінними паперами
10) complaint	10) позов, скарга
11) consumer	11) споживач
12) to reduce	12) скорочувати
13) share	13) акція, доля
14) bond	14) облігація
15) commodity	15) товар
16) derivative	16) деривативи, вторинні цінні папери
17) futures	17) ф’ючерс, терміновий контракт
18) options	18) опціон, право вибору, купівлі-продажу цінних паперів за обумовлену ціну в обумовлений строк
19) antitrust law	19) антимонопольний закон
20) takeovers	20) злиття компаній
21) public offering	21) публічний випуск акцій
22) competition law	22) закони конкуренції
23) stock	23) основний капітал; фонди

Exercise 1.2 Read and translate the text:

The term financial law refers to the legal framework surrounding the process of raising or providing funds or capital. Financial law may apply to areas of law dealing with everything from mortgage and credit card interest rates to mergers and acquisitions.

Financial regulations are enforced to prevent market manipulations like insider trading, to ensure the competence of professionals in the financial industry, to investigate complaints, and to protect consumers. Acts of financial law are designed to reduce violations and maintain confidence in the overall financial system. Financial law covers a multitude of areas. An agency and a set of rules exist for nearly every type of financial product or infrastructure.

Securities law governs the transfer of shares, stocks and bonds. This branch of financial law regulates the exchange of money market instruments, commodities, derivatives, futures, and options. Securities law also regulates brokerage and broker-dealer behavior and disputes.

Corporate law deals with the formation and regulation of companies, including financing, public offerings and the makeup of corporate boards. Corporate law also covers company behavior including ethics and social responsibility.

Related to corporate law is antitrust and competition law. The Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission use this set of laws and regulations to monitor mergers and corporate takeovers. These two agencies make sure no one company or small group of companies is able to control prices or otherwise manipulate the market in a way that harms consumers or smaller businesses.

Exercise 1.3 Decide if the statements are true or false:

1. The term financial law refers to the legal framework surrounding the process of raising or providing funds or capital.

2. Financial law may apply to areas of law dealing with financial crimes.

3. Financial regulations are enforced to prevent market manipulations.

4. Acts of financial law are designed to reduce violations and maintain confidence in the overall financial system.

5. Financial law covers a small number of areas.

6. Securities law governs the transfer of shares, stocks and bonds.

7. Corporate law deals with the formation and regulation of state policy.

8. The Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission use the set of laws and regulations to monitor mergers and corporate takeovers.

Exercise 1.4 Fill in the gaps:

1. Financial law may apply to areas of law dealing with everything from … and credit card interest rates to … and ….

2. Financial regulations are enforced to prevent market manipulations like ….

3. Acts of financial law are designed to reduce … and maintain confidence in the overall ….

4. An agency and a set of rules exist for nearly every type of … or infrastructure.

5. Securities law also regulates … and broker-dealer behavior and ….

6. Corporate law also covers … behavior including ethics and social ….

7. Related to corporate law is … and … law.

Exercise 1.5 Match the term with its definition:

1. Share	article of trade, esp. a raw material or product as opposed to a service.
2. Mortgage	to make someone obey a duty, an agreement or a law etc.
3. Stock	a conveyance of property to a creditor as security for a debt
4. Commodity	each of the equal parts into which a company's capital is divided, entitling its owner to a proportion of the profits.
5. Merger	сcommerce certificate issued by a government or a company promising to repay borrowed money at a fixed rate of interest.
6. Competition law	a capital of a business
7. Bond	the body of law that regulates business activities and markets, especially agreements and practices that limit competition
8. To enforce	combining, esp. of two commercial companies etc. into one.

Exercise 1.6 Replace the following words by their synonyms from the text:

1. The term financial law refers to the legal limits surrounding the process of raising or providing funds or capital.

2. Financial regulations are enforced to preclude market manipulations like insider trading, to guarantee the competence of professionals in the financial industry, to examine complaints, and to guard consumers.

3. Financial law covers a multitude of fields.

4. Securities law administers the transfer of shares, stocks and bonds.

5. Securities law also regulates brokerage and broker-dealer behavior and debates.

6. Corporate law is engaged in the creation and regulation of companies.

7. Corporate law also covers company behavior including ethics and social liability.