The KEY

• Beginnings, Task 2

From its earliest days Britannia was an object of desire. Tacitus, a Roman writer and historian, declared it worth a conquest. Britannia was thought to be rich in gold, silver, pearls. As far as the Romans were concerned Britannia was the edge of the world, but it was the edge of their world. If the Romans had traveled to the northernmost part of the islands (Orkney), they would have seen unmistakable signs of a civilization thousands of years older than the Rome.

• Beginnings, Task 5

Caesar - was a Roman general, statesman, Consul and notable author of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the events that led to the rise of theRoman Empire. (wikipedia.org/wiki/),

Claudius - Claudius I was the emperor who added Britain to the Roman Empire. www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/,

Alfred - As King of Wessex at the age of 21, Alfred was at the head of resistance to the Vikings in southern England. Alfred the Great was King of Wessex from 871 to 899. Alfred successfully defended his kingdom against the Viking attempt at conquest, and by the time of his death had become the dominant ruler in England. (wikipedia.org/wiki/),

Augustine -a Benedictine monk who became the first Archbishop of Canterbury in the year 597. He is considered the "Apostle to the English" and a founder of the English Church.

Augustine was the prior of a monastery in Rome when Pope Gregory the Great chose him in 595 to lead a mission, usually known as the Gregorian mission, to Britain to Christianize King Æthelberht and his Kingdom of Kent from their native Anglo-Saxon paganism.

Patrick - was a Romano-British and Christian missionary, who is the most generally recognized patron saint of Ireland or the Apostle of Ireland,

• Conquest Task 4.

Normandy – William I; Stamford Bridge – Harold and Tostig; Hastings – William and Harold;

Denmark – Swein and Canute

• Dynasty Task 1.

England 1154, nearly a century after the Battle of Hastings. The country was torn apart by a savage civil war. William the Conqueror was long dead. For thirty years his children were in struggle. The realm was in ruins. And then there appeared a young king, brave and charismatic who stopped the anarchy. His name was Henry. And he would become the greatest of all the medieval kings. He should be as well known as Henry VIII or Elizabeth I, but if he is remembered at all today, it is as the king who ordered murder in the Cathedral, or as the father of the impossibly bad King John and the impossibly glamorous Richard the Lion Heart. Henry II has no great monument. Yet, he made an indelible mark (неизгладимый след) on the country. The father of Common Law, the Godfather of the English State. But Henry II was cursed, brought down by the Church, his children, and most of all by his wife, the beautiful all-powerful Eleanor of Aquitaine.

• Nations Task 4

Historical personalities	Historical events
Prince Edward and Simon de Montfort	The battle of Evesham in 1265
Edward II and Robert Bruce	The battle of Bannockburn in 1314
Henry III and Simon de Montfort	The battle of Lewes in 1264
Edward I	The stone of Scone was brought to Westminster Abbey
Edward I and Llywelyn Ap Gruffud	The Treaty of Montgomery in 1267
Edward I and William Wallace	The battle at Stirling Bridge in 1297

• Nations Task 5.

Historical personalities	Characteristics and descriptions from the film
Edward I	The first truly English king
---------“ -----------	A leopard prince, brave, proud and powerful while devious and treacherous
--------“-------	England’s own home grown Caesar
Edward II	He was just a loser. He left his shield, his seal, his honour on the battlefield.
John Balliol	He was the clear choice of Scotland, not imposed by Edward
Robert Bruce	He wrote a book on partisan warfare
---------“-----------	He knew he could only be successful if he became a personification of Scotland.
William Wallace	The freedom fighter whose epic romance refuses to go away
Simon de Montfort	A French aristocrat, he was a man with a mission, the most improbable revolutionary in English history.
Eleanor of Castile	Twelve crosses were built on the way of her body to West- Minster Abbey

• King Death Task 2

Bristol – the plague;

Westminster Abbey – coronation of Richard II;

Kent – Peasants’ war;

London (Smithfield) - Peasants’ war;

Tower of London – imprisonment of Richard II;

Agincourt - a great victory of Henry V;

Bosworth, Barnet - Wars of the Roses

· The British Wars. Task 1.

1) person, 2) Scotland, 3) England, 4) 67, 5) optimistic, 6) unity, 7) hatred,

8) governing, 9) united Britain

· Burning Convictions. Task 4.

1)-b Henry VIII

2)- c Thomas Wolsey

3)- f Catherine of Aragon

4)- g Catherine of Aragon

5)-e Thomas Cranmer

6)-a William Tyndale

7)-d Thomas Cromwell

8)-j Philip II of Spain

9)-h Edward VI

10)-I Mary I

11)-k Elizabeth I