| Type of the Subjunctive
| Formation
| Usage
|
| The Present Subjunctive II
| identical to the forms of Past Indefinite Indicative*
| represents an action as contrary to reality in the present and future:
If this resulted in disaster, I would be responsible for it. Якби це закінчилось катастрофою, я був би за це відповідальний (малоймовірно, що це так закінчиться).
If I were * responsible, I would tell them about it. Якби я був відповідальний, я б розповів їм про це (я не є відповідальний).
|
| The Past Subjunctive II
| Identical to the forms of Past Perfect Indicative
| represents an action as contrary to reality in the past:
If the delivery of products to retailers had been excellent, there would have been no complains. Якби доставка товарів роздрібним торговцям була ідеальною, то не було б скарг (але доставка мала недоліки і тому були скарги).
|
*Note: The only exception is the verb to be which has the form were for all persons.
SUBJUNCTIVE II is used:
| in object clauses when the predicate of the principal clause is the verb to wish.
| I wish I were a successful manager! Хотілося б, щоб я був успішним менеджером!
Tom wished he had captured that information. Том жалкував, що він не зафіксував ту інформацію.
|
| in subordinate clauses joined to the principal clause by the conjunctions as if, as though, often preceded by the verbs to look, to feel, to seem, to be, to act.
| After that meeting he feltas if he were a young inexperienced beginner. Після тієї зустрічі він почувався так, ніби він був молодим недосвідченим початківцем.
The supplier lookedas though he had not been informed. Скидалося на те, що постачальник не був поінформований.
|
| in adverbial clauses of condition, introduced by the conjunctions if, even if, even though, when the realisation of the condition is impossible or unlikely.
| If I were you, I would support the idea about this transaction. На твоєму місці я б підтримав ідею про цю операцію.
Even if you had done this, it wouldn’t have helped. Навіть якби ти зробив це, це б не допомогло.
|
| in simple sentences after the expressions if only; oh, if; oh, that.
| If only I had done this earlier! Якби тільки я зробив це раніше!
Oh, if she were there in time! Якби вона прибула туди вчасно!
|
| to express advice in the pattern
smb. had better do/not do smth.
| You had better alert them. Тобі краще попередити їх.
He had better not cooperate with them. Йому краще не співпрацювати з ними.
|
| in the pattern it is (was) time smb. did smth.
| It is high time they came to the conclusion. Давно пора, щоб вони зробили висновок.
|
