Applied grammar. (seegrammar reference § 5)

(see GRAMMAR REFERENCE § 5)

Task 14. Form the Passive Voice of the following verbs:

A. In Present Indefinite, Past Indefinite, Future Indefinite Tenses: to accomplish, to acquire, to advertise, to assign, to affect, to decline.

B. In Present Continuous, Past Continuous Tenses: to break up, to consider, to devastate, to broaden, to distribute.

C. In Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future Perfect Tenses: to differentiate, to hire, to launch, to provide, to eliminate, to employ.

Task 15. Identify the tense and voice of the following verbs:

A. Have been accomplished, have accomplished, is being accompli­shed, was accomplished, will be accomplished, will accomplish, was being accomplished, had been accomplished, had accomplished, will be accomplishing.

B. Was provided, provided, was being provided, is providing, is being provided, is provided, has provided, has been provided, has been providing, will provide, would provide, will be provided, will be providing.

C. Differentiates, is differentiating, is being differentiated, has been differentiated, has differentiated, have differentiated, had been differentiated, was differentiated, was being differentiated, was differentiating, differentiated, will be differentiating.

D. Hire, hired, is hiring, was hiring, will be hiring, will hire, would hire, is being hired, has hired, has been hired, had hired, will hire, will be hired, will be hiring, had been hired.

E. Forecasts, is forecasting, is being forecasted, is forecasted, has been forecasted, has been forecasting, was forecasted, were forecasted, was forecasting, was being forecasted, had forecasted, had been forecas­ting, had been forecasted.

Task 16. Make the following sentences interrogative and negative:

1. His proposal was accepted by the assembly. 2. This supermarket will be opened next month. 3. All the necessary information about the project has been sent by e-mail. 4. They have been promoting the new product for half a year. 5. We were discussing our agreement for hours. 6. Thanks to joint ventures, business people from all over the world are given the possibility to work together, using each other’s experience and expertise. 7. Double taxation was levied on corporations. 8. Before giving any dividend to stockholders, tax on income is paid by a corporation. 9. The process of forming a corporation was being described as the process of incorporation. 10. A cooperative is owned by customers who pay an annual membership fee and share in any profits. 11. Marketing is seen as the task of finding and stimulating buyers for the firm’s output. 12. Marketing is being discussed as a business activity. 13. Marketing is viewed in the new sense of “a customer satisfaction”. 14. The position of a marketing managerhad been created for controlling the marketing functions in a firm before the crisis broke. 15. Advertising, personal selling, public relations and publicity will be included into promotion.

Task 17. Change the following sentences using the Passive Voice:

1. One can characterise business as an organisation seeking profit by providing goods and services to the economic system. 2. This organisation will not provide goods and services to the economic system. 3. He is describing sole proprietorship as an organisation that is owned and managed by one person. 4. You will have to cover the cost of supplies, borrowing, if necessary, advertising, insurance and rent. 5. When you own a business you own all the debts and you should pay them at any rate even at the expense of your accommodation. 6. You have found a partner to do your business with. 7. His partner was providing additional funds, support and expertise. 8. They invested money in the business, but did not have any management responsibility or liability for losses. 9. A corporation is a very expensive business to organise and demands high initial cost. 10. Marketing involves product development, pricing, distribution and communication. 11. The manager monitors the activities of competitors to learn the changes in their marketing strategy. 12. The employees of this department design advertising and publicity literature to communicate with clients and customers. 13. You can use forecasting technique to predict changes in the composition of the market to help the firm plan changes. 14. Promotion involves listening and talking. 15. They base marketing on consumer requirements research.

Task 18. Choose the right form of the verb from those in brackets:

1. This cooperative ___ by Mr. Smith in 1999 (is founded/ was founded/ were founded/ will be founded). 2. As a result of globalisation, the joint venture ___ in a year (was created/ will create/ is created/ have been created/ will be created/ would be created). 3. While I was at the meeting, an email massage ___ to me from New York (was sent/ has sent/ had sent/ is sent/ has been sent). 4. Their company ___ with the information about the wants and needs of a customer beforehand (is providing/ will provide/ was provided/ has provided/ will be providing). 5. The creation of benefits and an image for a product that draws public attention ___ product differentiation (has been called/ is calling/ will be calling/ is called/ is being called). 6. Wholesalers and retailers ___ in product distribution till 2001 (has been involved/ are involved/ will involve/ is involving/ were involved). 7. Low quality of products ___ by inadequate transportation and storing (was caused/ was being caused/ is causing/ will cause). 8. Eight main functions of marketing ___ by marketers (differentiate/ differentiated/ are differentiated/ has been differentiating/ will be differentiating). 9. At this moment the information about the market ___ by the department of marketing to forecast potential sales (is being collected/ was collected/ will collect/ has been collecting). 10. During last summer marketers’ attention ___ upon the communication with the consumers (was focused/ are focused/ focused/ had focused). 11. You ___ plenty of time to decide whether you want to start your own business or not (will be given/ has given/ is giving/ is being given). 12. I ___ the job as a marketer, but I refused because of the low salary (is being offered/ has offered/ were being offered/ was offered/ will offer). 13. Useful information about our competitors ___ in the last issue of the magazine “100 Top Companies in the World”, which was published in August (was found/ are being found/ will be found/ were found/ was being found).

Task 19. Form the Passive Voice of the Infinitives, used in the following combinations, make up your own sentences with them, putting the Passive Infinitive into the appropriate tense:

To sign the letter, to be selecting equipment, to have included a report, to guide employees, to be motivating personnel, to have given possibility, to operate a computer, to fulfil the tasks, to be directing the workers, to be reading the memo, to have sold the ticket, to have met the goals and objectives, to make money, to explain policies, to be increasing the profit, to be satisfying customer’s wants, to have opened the letter of credit, to have achieved the goals, to provide advice, to make the payment.

Task 20. Translate the sentences into English using appropriate tense and voice forms of the verbs:

1. Коли він почав працювати в цій компанії, то довідався, що вивчення попиту споживачів здійснювалось щорічно. 2. Продук­ція відомого виробника ковбасних виробів “Росана” поширюєть­ся в Західній Україні. 3. Просування продукції на ринку буде забезпечуватись за допомогою реклами. 4. Монополізація ринку не була спричинена об’єднанням великих корпорацій. 5. Перева­ги і недоліки притаманні всім формам організації бізнесу. 6. Мій знайомий отримав підвищення за добре виконане завдання. 7. Дизайн продукції створюється так, щоб привернути увагу покупця. 8. Сегментація ринку не була здійснена до того, як фірма вийшла на європейський ринок. 9. Поведінку споживача вивчають маркетологи, оскільки його вибір залежить від багатьох чинників. 10. Ситуація на ринку доволі серйозна. Необхідно терміново діяти, поки не пізно. 11. Первинні дані щодо вивчення потреб споживача збирають за допомогою досліджень. 12. Відмо­ва від проведення презентації нової колекції одягу була спричи­нена фінансовими проблемами. 13. Прошу зачекати, зараз комп’ютер використовує менеджер з продажу товарів. 14. Коли ми прийшли, то дізналися про те, що угоду саме підписують. Ми запізнилися. 15. Вам дадуть час для вирішення цієї проблеми. 16. Його вже ознайомили з технологією виробництва? 17. Це була хороша робота. Йому платили 2 500 гривень на місяць. 18. Мені запропонували взяти участь у проекті, від чого я не зміг від­мовитись. 19. Наш директор не любить, коли йому дають поради. 20. Йому не дали достатньо часу для закінчення проекту.