Use of the essential vocabulary. Task 2. Memorise the essential vocabulary to text 1 and translate the sentences containing it: (1) to accomplish(здійснювати

Task 2. Memorise the essential vocabulary to Text 1 and translate the sentences containing it:

(1) to accomplish(здійснювати, виконувати) – to succeed in doing smth., especially after trying very hard. Directing is the third management function for guiding and motivating others to work successfully for accomplishing organisation goals and objectives. accomplishment – здійснення

(2) to achieve(досягти) –to carry out successfully. There are various definitions of management as the process used to achieve organisational goals with the help of planning, organising, directing, controlling people and the organisational resources. achievement – досягнення

(3) assignment(завдання) –atask. Some up-to-date managers perform all of their tasks with the full cooperation and participation of workers. to assign –давати завдання assignee –виконавець

(4) challenge(виклик, складне завдання) –smth. which tests a person’s qualities, strength, skills or ability, especially in a way that is interesting. The trend today is to have planning teams, to help monitor the environment, to find business opportunities and to watch for challenges.

(5) to clarify(з’ясовувати, роз’яснювати)–to make understandable, to explain. Directing involves giving assignments, explaining routines, clarifying policies and providing feedback on performance. clarification – пояснення

(6) competitive(конкурентний, конкурентноспроможний, конкуруючий)–based on competition, able to compete. Because of rapid pace of economic and competitive changes there is a need to compete. to compete – конкурувати competition –конкуренція competitor –конкурент

(7) contingency planning (ситуативне, альтернативне планування) – unforeseen event planning, emergency planning. Contingency planning is the process of getting ready alternative courses of action that may be used if the primary plans don’t achieve the organisation’s objectives.

(8) to control(контролювати)–to govern, to regulate, to test or verify; to make sure that smth. is done correctly. There are different definitions of management, as the process used for achieving organisational goals through planning, organising, directing, controlling people and the organisational resources.

(9) to correct(виправляти, корегувати) –to remove faults from, to put right. A manager not only controls but also advises how to correct the situation. correction – виправлення corrective – вправний, корегуючий corrector – цензор, критик

(10) customer(покупець, споживач, клієнт)–smb. who buys goods or services from store, firm etc. At this stage the corporation decides which customers to serve, what products or services to sell and the geographic region in which the firm will compete.

(11) to direct (управляти, скеровувати, спрямовувати)– to advise, to guide, to order, to instruct and supervise; to tell smb. what they should do. Employees were treated much like robots or computers; things to be manipulated and directed. direction –керівництво, управління; напрямок, вказівка, наказ, розпорядження directive –директива director –директор directing – керування

(12) feedback(відповідь, зворотний зв’язок) –response following the action. Directing involves giving assignments, explaining routines, clarifying policies and providing feedback on performance.

(13) flexible(гнучкий) –able to change or to be changed easily to suit any new situation. The long-range goal is to be flexible and responsive to the market. flexibility – гнучкість

(14) goals and objectives(цілі та завдання) –aims set for achieving. Management has four functions and is considered as the process of planning, organising, motivating and controlling, which are necessary for formation and achievement of organisational goals and objectives.

(15) management(менеджмент, управління)–1) the art or skill of directing and organising the work of a company or organisation; 2) the people who are in charge of a company or organisation; 3) the art or skill of dealing with a situation that needs to be controlled in some way. Management is considered as a process of formation and achievement of organisational goals and objectives. to manage –управляти manager –менеджер, керівник manageable –слухняний; той, що піддається управлінню, легко керований (контрольований) manageress –менеджер (жіночої статі)

(16) market(ринок) –any place where people buy and sell goods and services. The long-range goal is to be flexible and responsive to the market.

(17) to monitor(наглядати, контролювати, відстежувати) –to carefully watch and check a situation in order to see how it changes or progresses over a period of time. Monitoring plans and standards is one of 5 steps of controlling.

(18) to motivate(мотивувати, заохочувати) –to make smb. want to achieve smth. and make them willing to work hard in order to do it. The trend is to give employees as much freedom as possible to become self-managed and self-motivated.

(19) to obtain(отримувати) –to get smth. that you want, especially through your own effort, skills, work. Strategic (long-range) planning determines the major goals of the organisation as well as the policies and strategies for obtaining and using resources to achieve those goals.

(20) to organise(організовувати) –to give an orderly or organic structure to smth., to arrange the parts of smth. so that it works as a whole. Organising is the second management function, which means designing the organisation structure, staffing and creating conditions and systems with the intention of completing organisation’s goals and objectives. organisable –той, що піддається організуванню organisation –організація organiser – організатор organising – організування

(21) performance(виконання) –the act of doing a piece of work, duty etc. Supervisory (first-line) managers assign specific jobs to workers and evaluate their daily performance. to perform –виконувати, діяти

(22) to plan(планувати) –to design a program of action. Planning is the first management function which includes setting the organisational vision, goals and objectives. plan –план planning – планування contingency planning – ситуативне (альтернативне) планування tactical planning – тактичне планування strategic planning – стратегічне планування

(23) policy(політика) –a selected, planned line of action in the light of which individual decisions are made and coordination achieved. Policy is the broad guide to action.

(24) procedure(спосіб дії, процедура)–a manner of doing smth. One key to making control systems work is the establishment of clear procedures of monitoring performance. procedural –процедурний, процесуальний

(25) product(продукт, товар) –smth. produced, grown or manufactured. At this stage the company decides which customers to serve, what products or services to sell and the geographic areas in which the firm will compete. production –виробництво productive –продуктивний productivity –продуктивність

(26) rapid(швидкий) –quick, fast. Because of rapid pace of economic and competitive changes there is a need in alternatives.

(27) request(запит, заявка; прохання, вимога) – a polite or formal demand for smth. Empowerment is a total quality term that means giving employees the authority and responsibility to respond quickly to customer requests.

(28) resource(ресурс, джерело) –smth. such as land, minerals, natural energy, that exists in a country and can be used to increase its wealth; all the money, property, skills etc. that you have available. When organising, a manager develops an organisation structure that takes into account all workers, tasks and resources. natural resources –природні ресурси human resources –людські ресурси

(29) to respond(реагувати) –to react to smth. that has been said or done. Empo­werment is a total quality term that means giving employees the authority and responsibility to respond quickly to customer requests. response –відповідь, реакція responsive –одержаний у відповідь; чутливий

(30) routine(рутина, заведений порядок, певний режим, узвичаєна практика) –a regularly repeated course of action or standard practice. Directing involves giving assignments, explaining routines, clarifying policies and providing feedback on performance.

(31) service(послуга)–a product of human activity meant to satisfy a human need but not constituting an item of goods. At this stage the company decides which customers to serve, what products or services to sell and the geographic areas in which the firm will compete. to serve –надавати послуги, обслуговувати

(32) strategy (стратегія)–the science and art of conducting business in its long-term aspects. Strategy is the best way to use resources. Strategic planning is done by the top management of the firm. strategic –стратегічний strategist – стратег

(33) trend(тенденція)– a tendency, general direction. The trend today is to have planning teams, to help monitor the environment, to find business opportunities and to watch for challenges.

(34) vision(бачення)–the knowledge and imagination that are needed in planning for the future with a clear purpose. Vision is larger explanation of why the company exists and where it is trying to head.

Task 3. Match each word in section A with its translation in section B:

A. Procedure; management; to plan; to direct; to control; to organise; to achieve; resources; to correct; vision; to respond; to motivate; to accomplish; marketing; challenge; trend; to monitor; routine; flexible; market; strategy; policy; to obtain; product; service; competitive; alternative; rapid; assignment; customer; performance; to clarify.

B. Реагувати; ресурси; організовувати; контролювати; досягати (мети); корегувати; управління; керувати; тенденція; маркетинг; планувати; мотивувати; бачення; виконувати; виклик; спосіб дії; отримувати; стратегія; товар; конкурентний; альтернативний; наглядати; завдання; ринок; гнучкий; споживач; діяльність; послуга; рутина; політика; роз’яснювати; швидкий.

Task 4. Match each word in section A with the one of the similar meaning in section B:

A. To plan; to direct; to manage; to organise; to correct; to motivate; to monitor; to obtain; to clarify; to achieve; to accomplish.

B. To systematise, to make arrangement; to substitute a right thing for smth.; to stimulate the interest of; to maintain regulation; to acquire; to intend to do smth.; to make clear; to organise, to regulate; to reach, to attain; to complete; to guide.

Task 5. Match each word in section A with the one of the opposite meaning in section B:

A. Flexible; alternative; rapid; various; engaged; primary; specific.

B. Free; vague; secondary; stiff; slow; identical; the same.

Task 6. Match each word in section A with its definition in section B:

A. Vision; strategy; policy; assignment; performance; routine; feedback; request; customer; challenge; trend.

B. Task or mission; process or manner of functioning; regular course or procedure; person who buys goods or services; response to an event or experiment; general direction and tendency; demanding or difficult task; long-term plan or policy; act of asking for smth.; course of action, adopted by business; foresight.

Task 7. Rearrange the following jumbled words into sentences:

1. Management, of business, the people part, is. 2. The managers, who run the organisation, are the people. 3. Management, of getting things done, is the art, through people. 4. Top management includes, managers in charge of, the board of directors and, the chief executive, his deputies, the divisions or departments. 5. Management, money, is attractive for people, authority, because it represents, and prestige. 6. Top management responsibilities are, controlling, to ensure that people perform, structuring, rewarding, the leader’s vision. 7. Mana­gement, of the vision, is carrying out. 8. Management, or managing, being managed, means. 9. Middle management consists of, the day-to-day, top-management delegates, managers to whom, running of organisation. 10. Management, engaged, is people, in management.

Task 8. Memorise the essential vocabulary to Text 2 and translate the sentences containing it:

(1) authority(повноваження, влада) – the right and power to command or to do smth. Follett believed in the concept of cross-functional rather that vertical authority. to authorise –надавати повноваження

(2) benefit(перевага, користь) – profit, advantage. Her idea was for people in various departments to share information with one another for the benefit of all. beneficial –корисний, вигідний

(3) command(командний) – directing others. His writings favoured command-style, hierarchical organisations. to command –керувати, віддавати команди

(4) conflict(конфлікт) – a struggle between opposing principles, interests or aims. M.P. Follett’s ideas about conflict resolution are now being implemented in leading firms all over the world.

(5) cooperation(співпраця) – working together to a common end. Cross-cultural cooperation is one of M.P. Follett’s ideas popular in modern management. to cooperate –співпрацювати cooperative –кооперативний, спільний, об’єднаний

(6) empowerment(надання влади, повноважень) – the act of giving the power or legal right to do smth. Empowerment means giving somebody more control over the situation. to empower – надавати повноваження, уповноважувати

(7) employee(службовець) – someone who is paid to work for smb. else. Employees were treated much like robots or computers; things to be manipulated and directed. to employ –наймати на роботу employer –роботодавець employment – зайнятість

(8) experience(досвід) – the knowledge or feeling obtained through direct impressions and participation. Follett also felt that knowledge and experience, not titles and seniority, should decide who should lead. experiential –той, що ґрунтується на досвіді, емпіричний experienced – досвідчений

(9) to favour(надавати перевагу) – to prefer smth. to other things especially when there are several to choose from. He favoured knowledge and experience.

(10) to focus on(зосереджуватися) – to pay special attention to a particular person or thing instead of others. They were to provide a “vision” and help focus all the resources of the firm on meeting that vision.

(11) fundamentals(основи) – the most important ideas, rules etc. that smth. is based upon. Much of it is based on the fundamentals that Mary Parker Follett established 70 years ago.

(12) hierarchy(ієрархія) – a system in an organisation in which people have authority and control over the people in rank below them, who then have authority over the people below them. F. Taylor’s writings favoured command-style and organisational hierarchy. hierarchical –ієрархічний

(13) to implement(виконувати, здійснювати) – to carry into effect. M.P. Follet’s ideas are now being implemented in leading firms all over the world. implementation – виконання, здійснення

(14) innovative(інноваційний, раціоналізаторський, перспектив­ний) – new, different and better than smth. that existed before. But times change and innovative ideas from the past suddenly take on new meaning. innovation –інновація to innovate –впроваджувати новації, запроваджувати нове, оновлювати

(15) to manipulate(управляти, маніпулювати, керувати) – to make smb. think and behave exactly as you want them to do, by skillfully influencing them. Employees were treated much like things to be manipulated and directed. manipulation –управління, маніпулювання

(16) to provide(забезпечувати) – to supply, to equip, to stipulate. According to M.P. Follett, managers were to provide a “vision” and assist in focusing all the resources of the firm on meeting that vision. provision –забезпечення

(17) resolution(вирішення, розв’язання) – the act of finding a way to deal with a difficulty. M.P. Follet’s ideas about conflict resolution are now being implemented in many companies. to resolve –вирішувати

(18) scientific(науковий) – pertaining to science. The management theorist of that time (the early 1900s) was Frederick Taylor, the “father of scientific management”. science –наука scientist –науковець

(19) self-management(самоуправління) – management of oneself without authorisation. Self-management is one of M.P. Follett’s ideas being implemented in leading firms all over the world.

(20) to set(встановлювати, призначати) – to decide that smth. should cost a particular amount of money. She was a part of Boston high society and participated on committees that set minimum wages for women and children.

(21) to share(поділяти, спільно користуватися) – to deal with or discuss smth. in a particular way. Her idea was for people in different departments to share information with one another for the benefit of all.

(22) to treat(розглядати, трактувати) – to behave toward smb. or smth. In Taylor’s books employees were treated much like robots or computers. treatment –трактування

(23) vertical(вертикальний) – having a direction in line with the earth’s centre, perpendicular. M.P.Follett believed in the concept of cross-functional rather that vertical authority.

(24) wage(заробітна платня) – a reward regularly received by employees according to hours, days or weeks that they work. M.P. Follett participated on committees that set minimum wages for women and children.

Task 9. Match each word in section A with its translation in section B:

A. To set; to implement; experience; hierarchical; command; scientific; employee; to manipulate; innovative; empowerment; conflict; authority; self-management; resolution; fundamentals; to treat; to share; benefit; to provide; wage; cooperation; vertical.

B. Ієрархічний; співпраця; заробітна платня; службовець; досвід; вертикальний; науковий; основи; перевага; поділяти; забезпечувати; самоуправління; повноваження; інноваційний; надання влади; трактувати; вирішення; конфлікт; встановлювати; командний; виконувати; маніпулювати.

Task 10. Match each word in section A with the one of the similar meaning in section B:

A. To implement; to set; to manipulate; to favour; to treat; to share; to provide.

B. To prefer; to have in common; to deal with; to fulfil; to supply; to fix; to influence.

Task 11. Match each word in section A with the one of the opposite meaning in section B:

A. Scientific; hierarchical; vertical; innovative; participative; cross-functional.

B. Old-fashioned; nonparticipative; single-functional; empirical; horizontal; non-hierarchical.

Task 12. Match each word in section A with its definition in section B:

A. Cooperation; employee; experience; conflict; authority; resolution; benefit; seniority.

B. Activity participated in or observed; disagreement, struggle; delegated power; solving a problem; advance in position, standing; advantage, helpful factor; helpful act or work together; person, employed for wages.

Task 13. Rearrange the following jumbled words into sentences:

1. She was a member, that set minimum wages, and participated on com­mittees, of Boston high society, for women and children. 2. His books, hierarchical, command-style, favoured, organisations. 3. Employees, robots or computers, much like, were treated. 4. Taylor, participative, believe in, did not, management. 5. Mary Parker Follett, most likely to know, that the person doing the job, was the person, believed very strongly, how to do the job better. 6. Follett, cross-functional, rather than, the concept of, believed in, vertical authority. 7. Her idea, in various departments, was, to the benefit, to share information, for people, with one another, of all. 8. Her ideas, empowerment, self-management, are now being implemented, cross-functional cooperation, throughout, and conflict resolution, about, in leading firms, the world.9. She believed that, to want, it was human nature, to be self-managed. 10. Managers, more like, worked, dictators.